Effectiveness of S-PRG Filler-Containing Toothpaste in Inhibiting Demineralization of Human Tooth Surface

Abstract

Objectives:Using an established pH-cycling caries model, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of toothpastes containing Surface Pre-reacted Glass-ionomer filler (S-PRG) in preventing tooth surface demineralization.Materials and Methods:210 tooth blocks were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups (30 blocks/group): no treatment (A), and toothpaste containing either NaF (B), 0 wt% S-PRG (C), 1 wt% S-PRG (D), 5 wt% S-PRG (E), 20 wt% S-PRG (F) or 30 wt% S-PRG (G). Groups were subjected to 14-day demineralization for development of early caries lesions using a pH-cycling caries model. Demineralization was assessed using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). All pairwise contrasts (between treatments) were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and then Tukey’s HSD for multiple comparisons. All p-values are considered significant if <0.05.Results:With QLF, there was a significant (ANOVA; p<0.001) difference in mean percent fluorescence loss (∆F) observed among the groups. Relative to control, all S-PRG-containing toothpastes significantly (Tukey’s; p<0.0001) inhibited demineralization at varying percentages (48.6%, 61.3%, 67.4% and 69.8% reduction with S-PRG 1%, 5%, 20% and 30% respectively). Demineralization reduction was not significant with either NaF (15.6% reduction) or 0% S-PRG (-2.5% reduction i.e. 2.5% more demineralization than the Control) when compared to control group. Mineral loss assessed using TMR followed a similar trend as fluorescence loss.Conclusion:Toothpaste containing S-PRG filler can serve as an effective caries control tool. S-PRG filler-containing dentifrice to be more effective in preventing tooth demineralization than 1100 ppm fluoride provided as sodium fluoride.

Comparison of hydroxyapatite and fluoride oral care gels for remineralization of initial caries: a pH-cycling study

“…A pH-cycling caries model serves as a bridge to in vivo caries studies as they mirror clinical conditions, where demineralization and remineralization alternate constantly (i.e., pH cycling) and are only interrupted during the very short period of application of investigational products. 29 , 30 pH cycling models have long been developed and described in the literature over the years, and have been accepted and utilized in dental sciences and the industry as an appropriate alternative to animal testing, particularly for ionic fluoride-based dentifrices. 33 – 35 One may argue that this model lack the cariogenic microbial biofilm that is a key factor in the caries process; however, the alternating feast and famine episodes that occurs in biofilm in the oral cavity is mimicked by alternating exposure of the samples to demineralization and remineralization solutions.…”

“…Standard remineralization and demineralization solutions were prepared using previously published protocols. 28 – 30 The remineralization solution (artificial saliva) was composed of 3.8 ppm Mg 2+ (MgCl 2 ·6 H 2 O), 84.36 ppm PO 4 3− (K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 ) 50 ppm Ca 2+ (calcium lactate), 0.05 ppm fluoride, 0.625 g/L KCl, 0.4 g/L carboxymethylcellulose, and 2 g/L methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, with the pH adjusted to 7.2 using 1 M KOH. The demineralizing solution (DS) served as an acid challenge simulating the acids generated in the dental plaque with intake of cariogenic meal.…”

“…Standard remineralization and demineralization solutions were prepared using previously published protocols. [28][29][30] The remineralization solution (artificial saliva) was composed of 3. Test products and study groups The 60 tooth blocks were randomly assigned to the following three experimental groups (20 blocks/group); (A) hydroxyapatite oral care gel (Karex gelée, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany) containing 15% HAP microclusters (crystallite size: length ≈ 80 nm (median) × width ≈ 30 nm (median)), (B) fluoride oral care gel (Elmex gelée, CP GABA GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) containing 12,500 ppm fluoride provided as amine fluoride, and (C) artificial saliva (untreated).…”

Effect of the S-PRG filler content in the multi-ion releasing paste on the acid resistance of the enamel surface after polishing with the paste

“…These results indicated the tooth-brushing pastes containing S-PRG fillers inhibited the demineralization of the enamel surface, which is in line with the results of the present study. Amaechi et al investigated the effect of S-PRG filler-containing toothpaste in various contents of the S-PRG filler on the inhibition of the demineralization of human the enamel surface, and showed that the toothpaste containing 20% and 30% S-PRG filler exhibited significantly less mineral loss than that containing 1% S-PRG filler 19) . The results of their study are similar to those of our study, although the procedures of application of toothpaste were different.…”

“…Especially, Si, F, B, and Sr ions may contribute to increase the acid resistance of the dental surface due to their re-mineralization effect. Several studies have investigated the effects of toothpaste containing S-PRG fillers on the characteristics of tooth substance, and their results demonstrated the effectiveness of S-PRG fillers [18][19][20][21] . A few studies examined the effects of polishing with the MP on the acid resistance of the enamel surface; however, the available information is not enough 21) .…”