Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of riboflavin (RF) and Rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer modified adhesive resin on the degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial capacity after bonded to tooth surface. Different concentrations of RB and RF were prepared by homogenization method. An ultraviolet light source A (UVA) (375 nm wavelength, 3 mW/cm2 power) was used for 30 min irradiation. FTIR was performed for control and test adhesives to analyze the DC. Antibacterial testing was performed using the MTT assay. Metal brackets were bonded using the modified adhesives and subjected for SEM examination. The surfaces of teeth and metal brackets were examined at ×10 magnification for assessing adhesive remnant index (ARI) after PDT, 24 h and thermocycling. For DC, control group, 0.1% RB and RF after PDT showed the highest value. SEM imaging indicated lowest growth of Streptococcus mutans over 0.5% of RB-PDT and RF-PDT as compared to the control group. The MTT assay outcomes reported that the activity of S. mutans substantially decreased with the addition of a high amount of either RB or RF (p < 0.01). Mean ARI scores showed a significant difference between all groups. This study concluded that 0.1% of either RB or RF after PDT can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface with substantial antibacterial properties.

Enhanced reduction of polymicrobial biofilms on the orthodontic brackets and enamel surface remineralization using zeolite-zinc oxide nanoparticles-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

“…Many in vitro and in vivo studies present high efficiency of aPDT against microorganisms involved in dental caries [13,[33][34][35][36][37]. The results of Alqerban [38] study showed that not only aPDT with Riboflavin and Rose Bengal can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface but also revealed the substantial antibacterial properties against S. mutans. Hugo Panhóca et al [39] reported aPDT with Curcumin reduces the number of living cells of S. mutans in a biofilm model created on the surface of metallic orthodontic accessories.…”

Enhanced Reduction of Polymicrobial Biofilms on the Orthodontic Brackets and Enamel Surface Remineralization Using Zeolite-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

“…Many in vitro and in vivo studies present high e ciency of aPDT against microorganisms involved in dental caries [33][34][35][36][37][38] . The results of Alqerban 39 study showed that no only aPDT with Ribo avin and Rose Bengal can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface but also revealed the substantial antibacterial properties against S. mutans. Hugo Panhóca et al 40 reported aPDT with Curcumin reduces the number of living cells of S. mutans in a bio lm model created on the surface of metallic orthodontic accessories.…”

The Potential Application of Natural Photosensitizers Used in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Oral Infections

“…Algerban et al demonstrated that the metabolic activity of S. mutans significantly decreased with the addition of a high amount of either rose bengal or riboflavin, with a light source for illumination (375 nm, 3 mW/cm 2 ). The metabolic activity of 0.1% rose bengal or riboflavin after APDT reduced to a certain extent on the 30th day, and 0.5% of either rose bengal-APDT or riboflavin-APDT showed relatively reduced viability of S. mutans well under 35% [65].…”