Enhanced reduction of polymicrobial biofilms on the orthodontic brackets and enamel surface remineralization using zeolite-zinc oxide nanoparticles-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic activities of zeolite-zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zeo/ZnONPs)-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against pre-formed polymicrobial biofilms on the orthodontic brackets, as well as, assess the remineralization efficacy on polymicrobial biofilms induced enamel lesions. Following synthesis and characterization of Zeo/ZnONPs, cell cytotoxicity, hemolytic effect, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. The anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic activities of aPDT using different concentrations of Zeo/ZnONPs were investigated. Microhardness tester and DIAGNOdent Pen were used to evaluate the changes of remineralization degree on the treated enamel slabs duration 1 and 3 months. No significant cytotoxicity and erythrocyte hemolysis were observed in treated cells with Zeo/ZnONPs. When irradiated, suggesting that the Zeo/ZnONPs were photoactivated, generating ROS and leading to reduce dose-dependently the cell viability and metabolic activity of polymicrobial biofilms. Also, the enamel surface microhardness value of exposed enamel showed a steady increase with the concentration of Zeo/ZnONPs. No statistically significant differences were shown between aPDT and sodium fluoride varnish as the control group. Overall, Zeo/ZnONPs-based aPDT with the greatest remineralization efficacy of enamel surface can be used as an anti-biofilm therapeutic method, which is involved with their potent ability to produce ROS.

Phloroglucinol-Gold and -Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

“…As a result, this study encourages researchers to investigate the synthesis of all forms of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles using a purely natural compound for various biological functions. Several nanoparticles have broad antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal pathogens [25,64,65]. It has also been discovered that P. aeruginosa is responsible for mixed microbial infections due to the coexistence of multiple bacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungal (e.g., Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus) pathogens in addition to the formation of polymicrobial biofilms [66].…”

Exploring the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Photocatalytic Antibacterial Properties of a Methacrylate-Based Dental Material Loaded with ZnO Nanoparticles

“…As such, the aqueous stability of our RB when loaded with ZnO along with the higher DC are not believed to be limiting factors in the antimicrobial response of the new material. From the literature it is known that the smallest-sized and specifically-shaped ZnO NPs [ 41 , 65 , 66 ], higher light energy [ 67 , 68 , 69 ], and certain biofilm properties such as age [ 70 , 71 ] are more likely to reveal the antimicrobial properties, though the extent of the impact for such factors is likely dependent on the type of photosensitizer (PS). For example, a longer biofilm growth period allows for the formation of a mature biofilm that creates a cariogenic environment with low pH (pH < 5.5) [ 72 ], and due to this lower pH, higher ZnO dissociation would occur [ 73 ].…”

Antimicrobial activity of D-amino acid in combination with photo-sonoactivated hypericin nanoparticles against Acinetobacter baumannii

“…Blue light at the wavelength of 450 ± 10 nm, an optical output power of 100 mW, and an energy density of 25.56 J/cm 2 for an exposure time of 60 s was used as the light source. According to the previous study [ 37 ], the probe of the blue light was fixed on a laboratory stand at a 1-mm distance above each well’s surface. To prevent beam reflection from the tabletop during irradiation, a black sheet was placed under the microtiter plate.…”