Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass in Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Age: A Systematic Review

Malafarina, Vincenzo; Úriz-Otano, Francisco; Iniesta, Raquel; Gil-Guerrero, Lucía

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.08.001

Cited by 202 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Based on these findings, SARC‐F would be an adequate tool to identify persons with muscle weakness that may be amenable to treatment. At present, the major treatment would be resistance exercise and possibly other forms of exercise coupled with increased protein intake 22, 23, 24, 25. This study suggests that SARC‐F is a rapid, question‐based clinical tool that may be a useful sarcopenia screen for primary care physicians.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes

Malmstrom

Miller

Simonsick

et al. 2015

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

715

493

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BackgroundA brief, inexpensive screening test for sarcopenia would be helpful for clinicians and their patients. To screen for persons with sarcopenia, we developed a simple five‐item questionnaire (SARC‐F) based on cardinal features or consequences of sarcopenia.MethodsWe investigated the utility of SARC‐F in the African American Health (AAH) study, Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Internal consistency reliability for SARC‐F was determined using Cronbach's alpha. We evaluated SARC‐F factorial validity using principal components analysis and criterion validity by examining its association with exam‐based indicators of sarcopenia. Construct validity was examined using cross‐sectional and longitudinal differences among those with high (≥4) vs. low (<4) SARC‐F scores for mortality and health outcomes.ResultsSARC‐F exhibited good internal consistency reliability and factorial, criterion, and construct validity. AAH participants with SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 had more Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) deficits, slower chair stand times, lower grip strength, lower short physical performance battery scores, and a higher likelihood of recent hospitalization and of having a gait speed of <0.8 m/s. SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 in AAH also were associated with 6 year IADL deficits, slower chair stand times, lower short physical performance battery scores, having a gait speed of <0.8 m/s, being hospitalized recently, and mortality. SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 in the BLSA cohort were associated with having more IADL deficits and lower grip strength (both hands) in cross‐sectional comparisons and with IADL deficits, lower grip strength (both hands), and mortality at follow‐up. NHANES participants with SARC‐F scores ≥ 4 had slower 20 ft walk times, had lower peak force knee extensor strength, and were more likely to have been hospitalized recently in cross‐sectional analyses.ConclusionsThe SARC‐F proved internally consistent and valid for detecting persons at risk for adverse outcomes from sarcopenia in AAH, BLSA, and NHANES.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes

Malmstrom

Miller

Simonsick

et al. 2015

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

715

493

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“…Recent evidence suggests that the threshold concentration of circulating amino acids required to produce an anabolic response in skeletal muscle synthesis may be increased in older muscle, and that increasing concentrations of leucine are required to maintain robust anabolic responses (142) . A number of recent publications have extensively reviewed the literature on interventions and mechanisms of protein and amino acid intake in relation to muscle mass, with evidence on total protein intake, type and quantity of amino acid and type of protein (casein/whey v. soya) to which the reader can refer for more detail (142)(143)(144)(145) .…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of intervention trials with protein, whey, casein and mixed essential or individual amino acids have been performed, although very few have been dietary or supplementation studies alone (144) . Of the few studies of amino acid or protein supplementation only, in interventions with essential amino acids, two studies found increases in lean body mass over the intervention period (142)(143)(144)149,150) .…”

Section: Interventions With Protein and Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the few studies of amino acid or protein supplementation only, in interventions with essential amino acids, two studies found increases in lean body mass over the intervention period (142)(143)(144)149,150) . Generally, the response to protein and amino acid supplementation (with or without exercise interventions) has not been consistent and this may be due to differences in nutritional status at baseline, differing methods of measuring outcomes and geographical and racial differences (144,151) . Supplementation studies with protein have not always enhanced the effects of resistance training (152,153) .…”

Section: Interventions With Protein and Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional influences on age-related skeletal muscle loss

2013

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Age-related muscle loss impacts on whole-body metabolism and leads to frailty and sarcopenia, which are risk factors for fractures and mortality. Although nutrients are integral to muscle metabolism the relationship between nutrition and muscle loss has only been extensively investigated for protein and amino acids. The objective of the present paper is to describe other aspects of nutrition and their association with skeletal muscle mass. Mechanisms for muscle loss relate to imbalance in protein turnover with a number of anabolic pathways of which the mechanistic TOR pathway and the IGF-1-Akt-FoxO pathways are the most characterised.

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“…There are multiple causes of sarcopenia 46. The age‐related anorexia decreases muscle mass, and this can be aggravated by low grade production of inflammatory cytokines in chronic disease 6, 47…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia of ageing: a key component in the pathogenesis of both sarcopenia and cachexia

Morley

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

106

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The anorexia of aging was first recognized as a physiological syndrome 30 years ago. Its major causes are an alteration in fundal compliance with an increase in antral stretch and enhanced cholecystokinin activity leading to increased satiation.This anorexia leads to weight loss in aging persons and is one of the component causes of the aging related sarcopenia. This physiological anorexia also increases the risk of more severe anorexia when an older person has an increase in inflammatory cytokines such as occurs when they have an illness. This results in an increase in the anorexia due to cachexia in older persons.

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Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass in Treatment of Sarcopenia in Old Age: A Systematic Review

Cited by 202 publications

References 45 publications

SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes

SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes

Nutritional influences on age-related skeletal muscle loss

Anorexia of ageing: a key component in the pathogenesis of both sarcopenia and cachexia

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