Effectiveness of microwave processing approach and green blowing agents usage in foaming natural rubber

Ariff, Zulkifli Mohamad; Afolabi, Lukmon Owolabi; Salmazo, Leandra Oliveira; Rodríguez‐Pérez, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.06.096

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A summary of the main rubber types with their properties and molecular structure is presented in Table 1. Among the rubbers, NR is the main matrix for foam production due to its natural origin (biosourced), availability, renewability and appropriate mechanical and electrical properties [99]. Good mechanical properties include high elastic properties, high resilience and damping behavior, high tensile strength, low compression set, resistance to tear and abrasion, but poor chemical resistance and processing ability [50,100].…”

Section: Type Of Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Rostami‐Tapeh‐Esmaeil

Vahidifar

Esmizadeh

et al. 2021

Polymers

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With the ever-increasing development in science and technology, as well as social awareness, more requirements are imposed on the production and property of all materials, especially polymeric foams. In particular, rubber foams, compared to thermoplastic foams in general, have higher flexibility, resistance to abrasion, energy absorption capabilities, strength-to-weight ratio and tensile strength leading to their widespread use in several applications such as thermal insulation, energy absorption, pressure sensors, absorbents, etc. To control the rubber foams microstructure leading to excellent physical and mechanical properties, two types of parameters play important roles. The first category is related to formulation including the rubber (type and grade), as well as the type and content of accelerators, fillers, and foaming agents. The second category is associated to processing parameters such as the processing method (injection, extrusion, compression, etc.), as well as different conditions related to foaming (temperature, pressure and number of stage) and curing (temperature, time and precuring time). This review presents the different parameters involved and discusses their effect on the morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of rubber foams. Although several studies have been published on rubber foams, very few papers reviewed the subject and compared the results available. In this review, the most recent works on rubber foams have been collected to provide a general overview on different types of rubber foams from their preparation to their final application. Detailed information on formulation, curing and foaming chemistry, production methods, morphology, properties, and applications is presented and discussed.

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Section: Type Of Rubbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Rostami‐Tapeh‐Esmaeil

Vahidifar

Esmizadeh

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…Very large cells indicate that adjacent foam cells coalesced during the liquid–solid state transformation. The cell coalescence and lack of cell homogeneity can result in structural collapse, affecting both the physical and mechanical properties of cellular materials [11] . This poor morphology was reported in other studies of NRLF produced using the Dunlop method [10] , [16] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Density and indentation hardness are important physical parameters for NRLFs because density dictates the weight of the final products for lightweight design applications. Additionally, indentation hardness impacts the load-bearing capacity of the foam, especially for body-supporting applications [11] , [37] . Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The foam properties, e.g., flexibility, density, indentation hardness, compression set, thermal insulation, mechanical properties and energy absorption, also depend on these cellular architectures [8] . Therefore, to obtain desired properties, several studies have attempted to control the microstructure of rubber foams using various techniques, such as a microbubbling technique [10] , a microwave processing technique [11] , electron beam irradiation [12] and a filler-assisted technique [13] , [14] . However, morphological control in thermoset foams (rubber foams) is still a challenge and appears more complex than that in thermoplastic foams since they are comprised of several phases and must be nearly simultaneously foamed and vulcanized [12] , [14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After vulcanization, the foam is cleaned and moisture eliminated from the finished product [16] . To the best of our knowledge, the Dunlop method does not involve any technical step for controlling the microstructure quality of the foam, even though the microcellular structure can be an important parameter that greatly influences physico-mechanical properties of rubber foams [8] , [10] , [11] , [12] . In other words, NRLFs prepared by the Dunlop method still require some production techniques that allow manipulation their cellular orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrasonic-assisted Dunlop method for natural rubber latex foam production: Effects of irradiation time on morphology and physico-mechanical properties of the foam

Sukkaneewat

Utara

2022

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights Ultrasonication is incorporated with the Dunlop method as a novel alternative technique for producing natural rubber latex foam. Ultrasonic irradiation effects on the properties of flexible elastomeric foam formed via liquid–solid state transformation in an aqueous media are first reported. The introduced ultrasonic process causes no delays or interruptions in the production of natural rubber latex foam. An optimal ultrasonication period promotes homogeneous nucleation and endothermic dissipation processes, which improved the foam's morphology and physico-mechanical properties.

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Effect of Egg White Protein and Water Content on the Stabilization Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Latex Foams Obtained from Microwave Radiation

Amezúa‐Arranz,

Salmazo,

López‐Gil

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

Self Cite

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The global plastic consumption, as one of the paramount concerns of our society, open new paths of investigation in green materials. This study presents our contribution to the field with the obtention of natural rubber latex foams using egg white powder as bio stabilizing agent. The route followed to develop these samples is based on a two‐step process, a previous aeration, followed by microwave dehydration. This synthesis route is greener and eco‐friendlier than conventional ones due to the use of biobased bulk materials, the utilisation of microwave radiation which reduces the energy consumption in comparison with conventional heating methods and the elimination of the vulcanization process typically used when producing latex foams. In this work a deep study of the effect of egg white protein on natural rubber latex foams obtained at three water content levels (i.e. 40, 70, 90 phr) is carried out. The density and cellular structure parameters are measured for the formulations of liquid and solid foams which led to stable final samples in order to comprehend the stabilization mechanisms due to the presence of the egg white and the effect of water content in these systems. With the route developed in this research it has been possible to produce open cell natural rubber latex foams with densities as low as 53 kg/m3 and cell sizes as low as 114 µm.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Effectiveness of microwave processing approach and green blowing agents usage in foaming natural rubber

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Chemistry, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Rubber Foams

Ultrasonic-assisted Dunlop method for natural rubber latex foam production: Effects of irradiation time on morphology and physico-mechanical properties of the foam

Effect of Egg White Protein and Water Content on the Stabilization Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Latex Foams Obtained from Microwave Radiation

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