Effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae against immature stages of Anastrepha fraterculus fruitfly (Diptera : Tephritidae)

Abstract

The study evaluated the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Hyphomycetes : Moniliales) strain E9, isolated from the pasture spittlebug Deois flavopicta (Hemiptera : Cercopidae), against larvae, prepupae and pupae stage and emergent adults of Anastrepha fraterculus, the South American fruitfly. The bioassay was carried out simulating field conditions, on autoclaved (AS) and non-autoclaved (NAS) soil from typical citrus orchards in the State of São Paulo, Southeastern region of Brazil. Various concentrations of conidia were incorporated into the soil the mortality, calculated based on the percentage of adult emergence, was 86% for the highest conidia concentrations: 2.52 x 10 10 for AS and 2.52 x 10 10 for NAS. The lethal concentration (LC50), expressed as conidia concentration, was 8.44 x 10 9 conidia/g of soil (S) for AS and 12.23 x 10 9 conidia/g of soil for NAS.

Integrated Management of European Cherry Fruit Fly Rhagoletis cerasi (L.): Situation in Switzerland and Europe

“…Entomopathogenic fungi: Many studies have been conducted on the control of C. capitata , Anastrepha fraterculus , A. ludens , B. oleae and B. tryoni with different entomopathogenic fungi [125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139]. Yee and Lacey [140] demonstrated that adult western cherry fruit flies ( R. indifferens ) are susceptible to Metharizium anisopliae .…”

Bioassay assessment of metarhizium anisopliae (metchnikoff) sorokin (deuteromycota: hyphomycetes) against Oncometopia facialis (signoret) (hemiptera: cicadellidae)

“…anisopliae, isolated from Deois flavopicta (Hemiptera:Cercopidae), obtained from a stock collection of the Department of Genetics and Evolution, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. This strain is largely used in bioassays and genetic studies (9,11,20,23,32). The conidia used in these studies were producted on complete culture medium (CM) consisting of yeast extract, glucose, minerals, agar, and water, according to Alves et, 1998 (3).…”

Susceptibility of preimaginal western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales)

“…Adults of both tropical and temperate tephritids are susceptible to a number of hypocralean entomopathogenic fungi, including Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, with the infections generally resulting in high fly mortality as well as reduced fecundity, and modified mating behavior (Carswell et al, 1998;Castillo et al, 2000;de La Rosa et al, 2002;Dimbi et al, 2003Dimbi et al, , 2009Destéfano et al, 2005;Yee and Lacey, 2005;Quesada-Moraga et al, 2006;Toledo et al, 2007;Sookar et al, 2008;Daniel and Wyss, 2009). Within the Rhagoletis species, Yee and Lacey (2005) found adult R. indifferens to be highly susceptible to Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, while Daniel and Wyss (2009) found adults of the closely related European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi Loew, to be susceptible to six fungus isolates from species that included B. bassiana and M. anisopliae.…”

“…Laboratory exposures of last instar tropical Ceratis and Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) to M. anisophilae and B. bassiana have generally resulted in high infection rates, evidenced by mycosis in the pupal stage and reduced adult emergence (Lezama-Gutiérrez et al, 2000;Ekesi et al, 2002;Destéfano et al, 2005;Mochi et al, 2006;Quesada-Moraga et al, 2006). Fewer hypocralean entomopathogenic fungi susceptibility studies have been conducted using preimaginal temperate tephritid hosts because these species are mostly univoltine, difficult to colonize, and there is a narrow time period in which to obtain wild pre-pupal larvae after they exit the fruit and before they pupate.…”

“…The purpose of our study was to evaluate the susceptibility of last instar R. indifferens to B. bassiana when the fungus was incorporated into a medium in which the insect pupated, using methodology similar to other studies which have successfully enabled fungal infections in tropical larval tephritids (Ekesi et al, 2002Destéfano et al, 2005;Quesada-Moraga et al, 2006). We used sterile sand for the initial two isolate susceptibility assays to avoid potential fungistatic suppression of the fungus in a soil environment (Lingg and Donaldson, 1981).…”