Effectiveness of insecticide-treated bednets in malaria prevention in Haiti: a case-control study

Steinhardt, Laura C.; Jean, Yvan St; Impoinvil, Daniel E.; Mace, Kimberly E.; Wiegand, Ryan E.; Huber, Curtis S.; Alexandre, Jean Semé Fils; Frederick, J.; Nkurunziza, Emery; Jean, Samuel E.; Wheeler, B. E. J.; Dotson, Ellen M.; Slutsker, Laurence; Kachur, S. Patrick; Barnwell, John W.; Lemoine, Jean Frantz; Chang, Michelle

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30238-8

Cited by 44 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our finding of a null association in the univariate analysis between pfPR and ownership of mosquito bed nets or using them the night before interview echoes our findings in Uganda [23] and Kenya [27] obtained using similar methodology as well as other reports in Tanzania [28,29] and elsewhere [23,27,30]. These results highlight an emerging concern that mosquito bed nets are losing their effectiveness as a key tool for malaria control, while the successful implementation of bed nets programs provides a false sense of security.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

A population‐based study of the prevalence and risk factors of low‐grade Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in children aged 0–15 years old in northern Tanzania

Peprah

Dhudha

Ally

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objectives Northern Tanzania experiences significant malaria‐related morbidity and mortality, but accurate data are scarce. We update the data on patterns of low‐grade Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection among children in northern Tanzania. Methods Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence (pfPR) was assessed in a representative sample of 819 children enrolled in 94 villages in northern Tanzania between October 2015 and August 2016, using a complex survey design. Individual‐ and household‐level risk factors for pfPR were elicited using structured questionnaires. pfPR was assessed using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and thick film microscopy (TFM). Associations with pfPR, based on RDT, were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and confidence intervals (CI) from weighted survey logistic regression models. Results Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence (pfPR) was 39.5% (95% CI: 31.5, 47.5) by RDT and 33.4% (26.0, 40.6) by TFM. pfPR by RDT was inversely associated with higher‐education parents, especially mothers (5–7 years of education: aOR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.96, senior secondary education: aOR 0.10; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.55), living in a house near the main road (aOR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.76), in a larger household (two rooms: aOR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.79, more than two rooms OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.62). Keeping a dog near or inside the house was positively associated with pfPR (aOR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.21). pfPR was not associated with bed‐net use or indoor residual spraying. Conclusions Nearly 40% of children in northern Tanzania had low‐grade malaria antigenaemia. Higher parental education and household metrics but not mosquito bed‐net use were inversely associated with pfPR.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

A population‐based study of the prevalence and risk factors of low‐grade Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in children aged 0–15 years old in northern Tanzania

Peprah

Dhudha

Ally

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…Our biting rate function indicated that even if the entire population used bed-nets, malaria transmission could only be reduced to a certain minimum value. This is a realistic result because bed-nets are normally used at night, and early mosquitoes bites when people are resting outdoors are reported in some studies such as [64,65]. This finding suggests that outdoor biting has a role in malaria transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Global Sensitivity Analysis to Study the Impacts of Bed-Nets, Drug Treatment, and Their Efficacies on a Two-Strain Malaria Model

Bala

Gimba²

2019

MCA

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Malaria is a deadly infectious disease, which is transmitted to humans via the bites of infected female mosquitoes. Antimalarial drug resistance has been identified as one of the characteristics of malaria that complicates control efforts. Typically, the use of insecticide-treated bed-nets (ITNs) and drug treatment are some of the recommended control strategies against malaria. Here, the use of ITNs, drug treatment, and their efficacies and evolution of antimalarial drug resistance are considered to be the major driving forces in the dynamics of malaria transmissions. We formulate a mathematical model of two-strain malaria to assess the impacts of ITNs, drug treatment, and their efficacies on the transmission dynamics of the disease in a human population. We propose a simple mosquito biting rate function that depends on both the proportion of ITN usage and its efficacy. We show that both disease-free and co-existence equilibrium points are globally-asymptotically stable where they exist. The global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis conducted show that if about 95% of malaria cases can be treated with fewer than 5% treatment failure in a population with 95% ITN usage that remains 95% effective, malaria can be controlled. We find that the order in which numerous intervention measures are taken is important.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a prevention strategy, prompt treatment has been suggested to be more effective than ITN and IRS in some settings such as low burden areas elsewhere [12,13]. One study in Haiti which did not find ITNs effective against clinical malaria suggested that drug-based interventions that target parasites might be more effective in those settings [12]. Another study in Myanmar recommended early diagnosis and effective treatment of malaria cases over ITNs as the local vectors fed outdoors, at dawn and dusk, so indoor interventions such as ITNs were not significant [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Prompt Treatment on Malaria Prevalence in Children Aged below Five Years in Zambia: A Nested Case-Control Study in a Cross-Sectional Survey

Mukumbuta

2020

Advances in Public Health

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Background. In a highly malaria endemic country like Zambia, prompt treatment of cases is known to reduce morbidity and mortality; however, it is not known whether it has a role as an effective prevention strategy because of the presence of asymptomatic chronic carriers who do not seek treatment and maintain the reservoirs of infection in the population. This study investigated the role of treatment of malaria cases as a prevention strategy in low, moderate, and high endemic settings. Methods. A nested case-control design was employed using datasets from a large countrywide national Malaria Indicator Survey of 2015. Self-reported malaria cases (n = 209) who took treatment in the two weeks preceding the survey were matched with controls (n = 511) who did not report malaria and did not take treatment during the same period using nearest neighbour propensity score matching for age, sex, and district. The data were analysed using conditional logistic regression in STATA version 15.1. Results. The malaria cases were more likely to be from rural areas (p=0.001), poorest households (p=0.049), and who lived in improvised housing structures (p=0.004) compared with the controls. Data from low and moderate malaria endemic areas did not have sufficient cases for the analysis to proceed; however, data from high endemic areas showed borderline evidence (p=0.054) that prompt treatment reduces the risk of malaria by almost half in the short-term aOR 0.057 (95% CI 0.32–1.01). Conclusion. We found borderline evidence which suggests that prompt treatment of malaria cases even in high endemic areas has potential to reduce the risk of malaria by almost half in the short term.

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Effectiveness of insecticide-treated bednets in malaria prevention in Haiti: a case-control study

Abstract: The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, and the US-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

A population‐based study of the prevalence and risk factors of low‐grade Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in children aged 0–15 years old in northern Tanzania

A population‐based study of the prevalence and risk factors of low‐grade Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in children aged 0–15 years old in northern Tanzania

Global Sensitivity Analysis to Study the Impacts of Bed-Nets, Drug Treatment, and Their Efficacies on a Two-Strain Malaria Model

Investigating the Effect of Prompt Treatment on Malaria Prevalence in Children Aged below Five Years in Zambia: A Nested Case-Control Study in a Cross-Sectional Survey

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