Effectiveness of Implementing a Naloxone Screening Tool in a Community Pharmacy

Taylor, Shawn Riser; Chaplin, Michelle DeGeeter; Hoots, Kailey; Roberts, Catherine; Smith, Kenesha

doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000193

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For patients without drug insurance, limited drug coverage, or in areas where naloxone is not publicly funded, the median price of USD 145 for intranasal naloxone can be a burden for access [ 41 ]. Taylor et al demonstrated this when they screened patients for naloxone eligibility and provided free naloxone kits [ 26 ]. Dispensing rates improved by 163% after the first 3 months of using the screening tool and providing free naloxone kits compared to the prior 3 months [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taylor et al demonstrated this when they screened patients for naloxone eligibility and provided free naloxone kits [ 26 ]. Dispensing rates improved by 163% after the first 3 months of using the screening tool and providing free naloxone kits compared to the prior 3 months [ 26 ]. This barrier for patient access is lifted once naloxone kits are offered for free to patients [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple barriers and facilitators were identified. Cost as a barrier for naloxone dispensing could be lifted through public funding of naloxone, especially in the cases of low household income [ 26 ]. Stigma associated with naloxone and people who use opioids illicitly was identified multiple times but was not extensively discussed in other literature reviews in this research area [ 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… - Pharmacist interventions with included: opioid prescription partially filled, discuss community support services, explain benefits of naloxone, dispense naloxone, discuss opioid use disorder, discuss accidental overdose. Taylor [ 26 ] 2020 USA Patients Intervention study at a community pharmacy within a healthcare clinic serving low socioeconomic status patients I: Naloxone screening tool (3 months) C: Baseline (previous 3 and 12 months) Naloxone dispensing Barriers : availability of naloxone, cost, pharmacist lack of comfort with naloxone - Survey consisted of 3 questions that were read to patients upon each visit. - Those deemed eligible for naloxone received a naloxone training session along with a free kit.…”

Section: Embase Search Strategy (Performed 1 June 2020)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies were published between 2019 and 2020. Ten out of 18 studies (55%) measured the impact of the THN program on naloxone dispensing; all noted that naloxone dispensing increased after THN program implementation [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Patient outcomes were not commonly studied; however, some studies (4/18, 22%) discussed the efficacy of the THN program through opioid overdose reversal rates or the number of naloxone kit refills [18,[29][30][31].…”

Section: Take-home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review

2021

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A variety of new sources describing community pharmacy-based take-home naloxone (THN) programs have emerged recently in the literature. There is a need to define the types of take-home naloxone programs being offered to support future research designs in implementing and evaluating standardized programs that fill pharmacist and patient knowledge gaps and lift current barriers for optimal community pharmacy naloxone provision. The objective of this paper is to summarize the literature on community pharmacy-based THN programs, including specific program interventions used to increase naloxone dispensing, naloxone availability and dispensing patterns, facilitators and barriers for the THN programs, and knowledge gaps. Online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) and a search of the grey literature were used to identify eligible sources. Sources were screened by two reviewers for eligibility in COVIDENCE software. Both reviewers compared screening results and resolved conflicts through discussion. A data extraction form for all identified full texts was completed by both reviewers and results were compiled through reviewer discussion. Fifty-two sources met the eligibility criteria. The top three barriers identified were: cost/coverage of naloxone, stigma, and education/training for pharmacists. THN program interventions included screening tools, checklists, pocket cards, patient brochures, and utilizing the pharmacy management system to flag eligible patients. Patient knowledge gaps included naloxone misinformation and lack of awareness, while pharmacists demonstrated administrative, clinical, and counselling knowledge gaps. Naloxone availability was found to be highly variable, where independent and rural pharmacies were less likely to stock or dispense naloxone. Further, pharmacies located in districts with higher rates of opioid overdose deaths and lower household income were also less likely to have naloxone available. This review identified multiple new programs, showcasing that the implementation and evaluation of THN programs are an expanding area of research. Future research should focus on implementing and evaluating a THN program through a randomized controlled trial design that incorporates solutions for the barriers and knowledge gaps identified in this study.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embase Search Strategy (Performed 1 June 2020)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Take-home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review

2021

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Readiness of community pharmacies to implement an opioid safety intervention

Floyd¹,

Silcox²,

Cousin³

et al. 2023

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Availability of Naloxone in 2 Underserved Urban Communities in Georgia

Saraiya

Hutchins²,

Crump³

et al. 2021

Journal of Public Health Management and Practice

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In 2016, unintentional injuries became the third leading cause of death in the United States. In 2018, 54% of 103 672 unintentional injury deaths were due to drug overdoses among adults 19 to 64 years of age. In Georgia, opioid overdose deaths continued to increase, despite a 2014 state law for naloxone use to prevent deaths, and a 2017 amendment for more widespread community use without a prescription. Given these policies, naloxone availability in pharmacies in underserved communities remains unclear. Our objective is to explore naloxone availability in such communities. Three Public Health and Preventive Medicine residents during a social-cultural-behavioral longitudinal rotation conducted interviews of 9 community pharmacists. Several themes emerged: more education was needed, and naloxone was available only by prescription in certain pharmacies or in limited amounts. Additional assessments among community members and sectors can examine the extent to which policies to expand naloxone availability and accessibility are implemented, including reduced naloxone costs.

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Effectiveness of Implementing a Naloxone Screening Tool in a Community Pharmacy

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review

What Is Known about Community Pharmacy-Based Take-Home Naloxone Programs and Program Interventions? A Scoping Review

Readiness of community pharmacies to implement an opioid safety intervention

Availability of Naloxone in 2 Underserved Urban Communities in Georgia

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