Effectiveness of gaseous and intravenous inductions on children′s anxiety and distress during extraction of teeth under general anesthesia

Abstract

Context:Anxiety and distress regarding dental treatment is a major issue for dental patients and can be exaggerated in pediatric dental patients.Aims:The aim was to investigate how different methods of induction for general anesthesia affect children's distress for dental procedures such as extraction of teeth.Subjects and Methods:This was an observational clinical study conducted at Manchester University Dental Hospital. The induction of anesthesia in children was achieved with either intravenous (I.V.) or a gaseous induction. The Modified Child Smiley Faces Scales were completed for children at various times intervals.Statistical Analysis Used:There were statistically significant differences between the mean distress scores for the I.V. and inhalation groups (P values from independent t-test: P < 0.001) was applied.Results:In gaseous induction group, the number of children who scored severe and very severe distress was greater than those who were in I.V. group. Gaseous induction was used for 23 children. Preoperatively, 56.5% children were in very severe distress, 17.4% in severe distress, 13% in moderate distress, 8.7% in mild distress and only one (4.3%) showed no distress. For I.V. induction, 11.2% children were in very severe distress, 9% in severe distress, and 9.6% in moderate distress, 24.2% in mild distress and 46.1% showed no distress.Conclusions:Gaseous induction anesthesia for extractions of teeth does produce high levels of distress than I.V. induction in children for dental extractions. There was no significant difference between both induction methods in terms of distress levels at the time of recovery and 15 min postoperatively.

A randomized control trial comparing the visual and verbal communication methods for reducing fear and anxiety during tooth extraction

“…The predominance of dental fear is high in a majority of patients. Dental nervousness does not just influence patients; general dental experts recognize treating anxious patients as a significant source of anxiety (Gazal et al, 2015, Cohen et al, 2000, Al-Samadani and Gazal, 2015). Pharmacological strategies have been utilized to overcome the dental fear extent from mellow sedation to general anesthesia, and are frequently utilized by dental specialists as a part of conjunction with behavioral techniques (Milgrom and Heaton, 2007).…”

“…The fear and anxiety for dental examination or treatment is natural for many patients (Al-Samadani and Gazal, 2015, Gazal et al, 2015). Dental practitioners over last two decades tried different modalities to reduce dental fear and anxiety on dental chair.…”

Comparison of speed of action and injection discomfort of 4% articaine and 2% mepivacaine for pulpal anesthesia in mandibular teeth: A randomized, double-blind cross-over trial

“…Better local anesthesia and treatment techniques may decrease cardiovascular risk caused by anxiety and improve the dental treatment. [ 12 13 ]…”

Effectiveness of benzocaine in reducing deep cavity restoration and post-extraction stress in dental patients

“…Efforts have been performed to reduce pain perception of needle injection. 11 , 12 Dental treatment fear and anxiety gradually builds up during childhood as results of a bad experience caused by dentist misbehavior, painful tooth preparation, or needle injection. 13 Local anesthesia is necessary for a painless dental treatment.…”