Effectiveness of Four Disinfectants against Ebola Virus on Different Materials

Abstract

The West Africa Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak has highlighted the need for effective disinfectants capable of reducing viral load in a range of sample types, equipment and settings. Although chlorine-based products are widely used, they can also be damaging to equipment or apparatus that needs continuous use such as aircraft use for transportation of infected people. Two aircraft cleaning solutions were assessed alongside two common laboratory disinfectants in a contact kill assay with EBOV on two aircraft relevant materials representative of a porous and non-porous surface. A decimal log reduction of viral titre of 4 is required for a disinfectant to be deemed effective and two of the disinfectants fulfilled this criteria under the conditions tested. One product, Ardrox 6092, was found to perform similarly to sodium hypochlorite, but as it does not have the corrosive properties of sodium hypochlorite, it could be an alternative disinfectant solution to be used for decontamination of EBOV on sensitive apparatus.

Laboratory management of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infections: perspectives from two European networks

“…Like all lipid-enveloped viruses, CCHFV can be readily inactivated by common fixatives such as 2% glutaraldehyde [41], formalin and paraformaldehyde; chlorine-based disinfectants, such as 1% sodium hypochlorite [41,42]; and other disinfectants, such as hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid [43,44]. Physical inactivation is also effective, like high temperature (56 °C for 30 min or 60 °C for 15 min) [41], Ultraviolet (1,200 to 3,000 μW/cm 2 ) or low pH (less than 6) [43,45].…”

New and emerging infectious diseases (Ebola, Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Candida auris): Focus on environmental survival and germicide susceptibility

“…53 Using RT-PCR, Cook et al 54 demonstrated that Ebola virus outbreak variants dried with an organic soil load on a stainless steel carrier were inert after 5 minutes exposure to sodium hypochlorite (≥0.5%) and after 2.5 minutes exposure to 70% ethanol. Smither et al 55 confirmed the activity of sodium hypochlorite; 10 4 Ebola viruses as measured by PCR were inactivated by 0.75% sodium hypochlorite with 10 minutes contact time. In a later study, Smither et al 56 reported that multiple disinfectants (ie, 0.5% hypochlorite, 10% hypochlorite, 5% peracetic acid, 70% ethanol) were effective against dried cell culture medium containing Ebola virus.…”

Efficacy of microbicides for inactivation of Ebola–Makona virus on a non-porous surface: a targeted hygiene intervention for reducing virus spread

“…Sodium hypochlorite 0.5% solutions are recommended by the CDC 18 as an example of a suitable disinfectant solution for hemorrhagic fever viruses. Smither et al 19 use a similar experimental design (i.e., a combination of TCID 50 assay and passage of neutralized solutions in flasks to rule out residual infectious virus) to study the disinfection of Ebola virus Yambuku-Ecran (EBOV-Ecran) on aluminum carriers by 0.75% NaOCl in tap water for 10 min contact time. In this case, complete inactivation of the 1.5 × 10 5 TCID 50 /mL dried on the carrier was achieved 19 .…”