Effectiveness of explicit warnings

Trommelen, Monica

doi:10.1016/s0925-7535(97)00019-2

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This demonstrates that opinionated design can substantially change how users react to browser security warnings. Our results therefore support prior researchers' recommendations [20,38,40]. Other warning designers may wish to adopt opinionated designs, if they have not already.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…People are more likely to comprehend and comply with a warning if it describes the risks explicitly and unambiguously [19,26,27,40]. Warning researchers recommend providing specific, explicit, and comprehensive details about the consequences of ignoring a security warning [6,10,17].…”

Section: Specific Risk Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear instructions improve both comprehension and adherence rates [20,40]. Simply providing information without a clear instruction does not necessarily influence behavior.…”

Section: Opinionated Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For comprehension, researchers advise that text should be simple, non-technical, brief, and specific (e.g., [6,23,24,26,38]). For adherence, the literature recommends promoting a clear course of action (e.g., [20,38,40]). Our proposal attempts to incorporate these suggestions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving SSL Warnings

Felt

Ainslie

Reeder

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Browsers warn users when the privacy of an SSL/TLS connection might be at risk. An ideal SSL warning would empower users to make informed decisions and, failing that, guide confused users to safety. Unfortunately, users struggle to understand and often disregard real SSL warnings. We report on the task of designing a new SSL warning, with the goal of improving comprehension and adherence.We designed a new SSL warning based on recommendations from warning literature and tested our proposal with microsurveys and a field experiment. We ultimately failed at our goal of a well-understood warning. However, nearly 30% more total users chose to remain safe after seeing our warning. We attribute this success to opinionated design, which promotes safety with visual cues. Subsequently, our proposal was released as the new Google Chrome SSL warning. We raise questions about warning comprehension advice and recommend that other warning designers use opinionated design.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Specific Risk Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear instructions improve both comprehension and adherence rates [20,40]. Simply providing information without a clear instruction does not necessarily influence behavior.…”

Section: Opinionated Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving SSL Warnings

Felt

Ainslie

Reeder

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We focused on these features because research indicates that emphasising potential consequences can be effective in convincing individuals there is a true risk of injury or harm 11–13. Research has shown too that depicting consequences that violate a person's expectation of safety can be particularly important if the warning message applies to a highly familiar context in which the person has not previously experienced injury 14. Finally, showing a child upset can evoke parent attention and emotional reactions,15 which might also increase the impact of safety messages on parents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%