Effectiveness of enhancing contact model on reducing stigma of mental illness among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Ran, Mao‐Sheng; Wang, Yi-Zhou; Lu, Peiyi; Weng, Xue; Zhang, Tianming; Deng, Shu-Yu; Li, Ming; Luo, Wei; Wong, Irene Yin-Ling; Yang, Lawrence H.; Thornicroft, Graham; Lü, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100419

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Given the limited community mental health services and the important role of family caregivers in caring for PWS in China, a systematic and multifaceted view should be considered rather than just tackle a sole aspect (e.g. simply stigma or caregiving burden) when selecting and investing psychosocial intervention programs (Ran et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study recruited 253 FCPWS who were primary family caregivers of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia by International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, aged 18 to 75 years old and living with and providing family care for their relatives. Details of this mental health survey have been described elsewhere (Ran et al, 2022; Wang et al, 2022). This study was approved by the University of Hong Kong Human Research Ethics Committee and all participants voluntarily signed informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

Wang

Xian-dong

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Although stigma and caregiving burden are important in relation to mental health recovery, few studies have been conducted on affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia (FCPWS) in rural China. Aims: This study aimed to examine the severity level of affiliate stigma and caregiving burden, and identify the correlates among FCPWS in rural China. Methods: A mental health survey was conducted ( N = 253 FCPWS) in Xinjin county, Sichuan province, China. Affiliate Self-Stigma Scale and Zarit Burden Interview Short Form were used. The regression analysis was performed to explore the correlates of stigma and burden. Results: Most FCPWS reported experiencing high and severe level of affiliate stigma (78.66%) and caregiving burden (95.26%). Family caregivers who were middle aged, unemployed, with high caregiving burden and low quality of life (QoL), showed more severe affiliate stigma. Family caregivers who were female, older, with low income, high affiliate stigma and low QoL, experienced greater caregiving burden. Conclusions: The large majority of FCPWS in rural China experienced severe affiliate stigma, caregiving burden and poor QoL. It is crucial to develop culture-specific anti-stigma interventions to reduce caregivers’ stigma and caregiving burden, and improve QoL. Specific risk factors of family caregivers’ affiliate stigma and caregiving burden should be considered for development of health policy and community-based mental health services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

Wang

Xian-dong

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…The mean value of ‘first age of onset’ was relatively high in this study. Possible reasons for this may include: (1) the special situation in current Chinese rural areas of many young people (maybe including some young people with schizophrenia) going out for work in urban areas; and (2) potential recall bias of the first age of onset [ 21 , 42 ]. The impact of the stigma of mental illness on the families with members going out for work has not been explored in this study [ 20 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Families with Members Going Out for Work and Associated Factors among Persons with Schizophrenia in Rural China

et al. 2022

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Background: The characteristics associated with having family members going out for work among persons with schizophrenia in rural China are unknown. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of families with members going out for work and the risk factors among persons with schizophrenia in a rural area of China. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional dataset from a mental health survey, using the International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), conducted among 152,776 people aged 15 years and older in Xinjin District, Chengdu, China, in 2015. Results: A total of 598 persons with schizophrenia were included in this study, and 20.4% (n = 122) of them had at least one family member who went out for work. Compared with those without family going out for work, participants with family going out for work had significantly larger numbers of family members, higher monthly incomes and lower percentages of social low-income insurance. Participants with family going out for work were more likely to be females, married and with higher levels of subjective and instrumental support. The statuses of families with members going out for work were significantly associated with larger numbers of family members and higher levels of instrumental support. Conclusions: Our findings indicate specific characteristics of families with members going out for work and factors associated with having family going out for work among persons with schizophrenia (number of family members and instrumental support). Culture-specific mental health policies and community-based services should be developed for persons with schizophrenia who have family going out for work in rural China.

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“…positive contact) between PWS and FCPWS. The major contents in the ECM intervention are shown elsewhere (Ran et al, 2022). Each group included around 10 family caregivers (ranging from 8 to 15 participants).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancing contact model (ECM), proposed by Dr Ran, a new model of comprehensive contact intervention focusing on positive contact for family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia (FCPWS) and PWS in our previous work, has been proved to be a stable and effective anti-stigma intervention (Li et al, 2020;Ran et al, 2021Ran et al, , 2022. However, the ECM intervention has neither been evaluated for reducing caregiving burden nor other psychological outcomes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of enhancing contact model on reducing family caregiving burden and improving psychological wellbeing among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

et al. 2022

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Background It is unclear whether the enhancing contact model (ECM) intervention is effective in reducing family caregiving burden and improving hope and quality of life (QOL) among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia (FCPWS). Methods We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in FCPWS in eight rural townships in Xinjin, Chengdu, China. In total, 253 FCPWS were randomly allocated to the ECM, psychoeducational family intervention (PFI), or treatment as usual (TAU) group. FCPWS in three groups were assessed caregiving burden, QOL and state of hope at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), 3-month (T2), and 9-month (T3) follow-up, respectively. Results Compared with participants in the TAU group, participants in the ECM group had statistically significantly lower caregiving burden scores both at T1 and T2 (p = 0.0059 and 0.0257, respectively). Compared with participants in the TAU group, participants in the PFI group had statistically significantly higher QOL scores in T1 (p = 0.0406), while participants in the ECM group had statistically significantly higher QOL scores in T3 (p = 0.0240). Participants in both ECM and PFI groups had statistically significantly higher hope scores than those in the TAU group at T1 (p = 0.0160 and 0.0486, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study to explore the effectiveness of ECM on reducing family caregiving burden and improving hope and QOL in rural China. The results indicate the ECM intervention, a comprehensive and multifaceted intervention, is more effective than the PFI in various aspects of mental wellbeing among FCPWS. Future research needs to confirm ECM's effectiveness in various population.

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Effectiveness of enhancing contact model on reducing stigma of mental illness among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

Affiliate stigma and caregiving burden among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

Characteristics of Families with Members Going Out for Work and Associated Factors among Persons with Schizophrenia in Rural China

Effectiveness of enhancing contact model on reducing family caregiving burden and improving psychological wellbeing among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in rural China

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