The
neural system is a multifunctional perceptual learning system.
Our brain can perceive different kinds of information to form senses,
including touch, sight, hearing, and so on. Mimicking such perceptual
learning systems is critical for neuromorphic platform applications.
Here, an artificial tactile perceptual neuron is realized by utilizing
electronic skins (E-skin) with oxide neuromorphic transistors, and
this artificial tactile perceptual neuron successfully simulates biological
tactile afferent nerves. First, the E-skin device is constructed using
microstructured polydimethylsiloxane membranes coated with Ag/indium
tin oxide (ITO) layers, exhibiting good sensitivities of ∼2.1
kPa–1 and fast response time of tens of milliseconds.
Then, the chitosan-based electrolyte-gated ITO neuromorphic transistor
is fabricated and exhibits high performance and synaptic responses.
Finally, the integrated artificial tactile perceptual neuron demonstrates
pressure excitatory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse facilitation.
The artificial tactile perceptual neuron is featured with low energy
consumption as low as ∼0.7 nJ. Moreover, it can mimic acute
and chronic pain and nociceptive characteristics of allodynia and
hyperalgesia in biological nociceptors. Interestingly, the artificial
tactile perceptual neuron can employ “Morse code” pressure-interpreting
scheme. This simple and low-cost approach has excellent potential
for applications including but not limited to intelligent humanoid
robots and replacement neuroprosthetics.
Previous neuroimaging studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on subjects with IQ > 70 or ASD without considering IQ levels. It remains unclear whether differences in brain anatomy in this population are associated with variations in clinical phenotype. In this study, 19 children with low functioning autism (LFA) and 19 children with high functioning autism (HFA) were compared with 27 healthy controls (HC). We found increased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left inferior temporal gyrus in subjects with both HFA and LFA and increased GMV of left middle temporal gyrus BA21 was found only in the LFA group. A significant negative correlation was found between the left inferior temporal gyrus (LITG) and the score of repetitive behavior in the HFA group.
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