Effectiveness of Different Classes of Fungicides on Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Fruit and Vegetables

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective (EC50 < 0.1 μg/ml), and pyrimethanil was the least effective (EC50 = 50 μg/ml), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

Comparative Performance of Reduced-risk Fungicides and Biorational Products in Management of Postharvest Botrytis Blight on Bigleaf Hydrangea Cut Flowers

“…Iprodione (Chipco 26019, Bayer), a fungicide in the dicarboximide chemical group, was not effective in controlling postharvest botrytis blight management in bigleaf hydrangea cut flowers. Similar inconsistent results for iprodione were observed in strawberry and grapevine in controlling postharvest B. cinerea infection (Blacharski et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2016). In contrast, postharvest spray of iprodione with fan drying and dip application in rose flower and strawberry transplants showed good efficacy in managing botrytis blight severity (Goss and Mazarura, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

“…Increases in antifungal activity of iprodione inhibiting spore germination and mycelium growth of B. cinerea have been observed with increases in concentration (Kim et al, 2016).…”

“…The preventive postharvest dip application of fludioxonil was effective in reducing botrytis blight disease severity and extending postharvest vase life of cut flowers. Fludioxonil interferes with the osmoregulatory pathway of fungi (Hahn, 2014), inhibiting the germination of spores and growth and development of mycelium (Kim et al, 2016). In tulip (Tulipa sp.)…”

Antifungal efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…Gray mold disease is caused by Botrytis cinerea Persoon: Fries [teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel] is a serious disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) in Malaysia and in most areas of the world (Kim et al, 2016). The disease causes severe damage on fruits and vegetables at both pre-and post-harvest time.…”

Antagonistic and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects of Bacillus velezensis BS1 Isolated from Rhizosphere Soil in a Pepper Field

“…Drops (20 μl) of BS1 suspension were added to the paper disks and incubated in the dark at 25°C for 4 days (B. cinerea, R. solani, and S. sclerotiorum) or 7 days (C. scovillei and C. gloeosporioides). (Shin et al, 2019), C. gloeosporioides (Han et al, 2015), B. cinerea (Kim et al, 2016), R. solani (KACC 40108), and S. sclerotiorum (KACC 40457) grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA; MBcell, Seoul, Korea) were transferred to the center of fresh PDA plates, and paper disks were placed at the edge of the PDA plates. Isolated bacterial strains were incubated in LB broth overnight (16 h) at 25°C with shaking at 150 rpm, and 10 μl of bacterial culture was dropped on the paper disks.…”