Effectiveness of Combined Use: Inactivated Vaccines with Immunostimulants on the In vivo Model of Teschen Disease

Abstract

The Teschen disease (enzootic encephalomyelitis, enterovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs) is a viral disease in pigs, characterized by the development of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and the emergence of paralysis. Live and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent the Teschen disease. The vaccines are prepared from tissues of the central nervous system of infected pigs or using a cultured viral suspension with the addition of various adjuvants. The inactivated vaccine against the Teschen disease protects 70-80% of vaccinated pigs from subsequent intracerebral infection with a pathogenic virus. The titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies reaches a maximum (1:64-1:1444) two weeks after the second vaccination. Vaccinated pigs with titer of neutralizing antibodies above than 1:32-1:128 are resistant to infection enterovirus encephalomyelitis of pigs. If the animal was older than 6 weeks age at the time of vaccination expressed antibody formation was observed. The disadvantages of inactivated vaccines are the low level and short duration of the formed protective immunity. Therefore, to induce and maintain a high level of humoral immunity people are forced to resort to multiple vaccinations. Another way to amplify the protectiveness of inactivated vaccines is the use of immunomodulators for the regulation of immunological reactivity. A wide field of activity remains for the selection of effective immunomodulators and optimal schemes for their combined use with inactivated vaccines. It seems advisable to determine the possibilities of using a number of immunostimulants produced by the domestic bioproductivity in the vaccine prophylaxis of viral diseases of farm.

Polymeric Approach to Adjuvant System in Antibody Production against Leishmaniasis Based on Hybridoma Technology

“…A blood sample of approximately 0.5 mL was taken for tail titer testing before vaccination and used for the control group(1:50). First group was immunized intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL volume of a mixture of 100 μg L. tropica antigen and 250-μg PO adjuvant ( 27 ). Second group was immunized intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL volume of a 1:1 mixture of 100-μg L. tropica antigen and 100 μg Freund’s incomplete adjuvant ( 14 ).…”