Abstract:Turbofan jet engines are among the most complex and responsible constructions in the world. The creation of modern globally competitive engines is impossible without the use of digital twin technologies: a set of computational models that fully describe the behaviour of the structure under any operating conditions. Today, composite materials are widely used in many industries. In aircraft engines, their use is very promising for fan blades and fan case to reduce the overall weight of the engine and inertial lo… Show more
“…At the same time, the experimental data indicated that through-thickness compression could significantly increase the interlaminar shear strength of the laminates [8]. Not considering this fact can lead to decreases in the weight efficiency of the composite structure [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…The FE mesh was refined between the notches. The 0.25-mm FE size in the gauge section of the specimen was chosen by a mesh convergence study, similarly to [9]. The total number of finite elements was 92,480.…”
The complexity of biaxial tests and analysis of their results makes it difficult to study the interlaminar shear properties of fibre-reinforced composites, particularly under through-thickness compression, which occurs in thick-walled composite elements. The improvements in experimental methods to study the features of the nonlinear behaviour of composites under biaxial loading is now an important and relevant task in the development aircraft structural elements made of сarbon fibre-reinforced polymers. This study aimed to develop a new experimental approach for the reliable determination of the interlaminar shear properties of laminates under through-thickness compression using a standard testing machine. An appropriate V-notched specimen was developed based on the configuration of well-known Iosipescu and butterfly-shaped specimens. The approach is demonstrated using woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Both the preliminary assessment of the stress fields under combined compression/shear loading and the analysis of fracture mechanisms were performed with finite-element modelling in a three-dimensional formulation. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to obtain experimental, full-field deformations of the specimens and to estimate the uniformity of the strain distribution in the gauge section. The stress–strain curves were obtained under biaxial loading, and the corresponding features of the composite failure behaviour were analysed in detail. It was found that the maximum compression strain on the stress–strain curves, in some cases, corresponded to the discontinuity in the composite structure. In these cases, the disproportionate changes in through-thickness strains in the gauge section of the specimens were recorded at the maximum load. With the increase in through-thickness compression stresses, the difference between the shear strength values, determined by the maximum load and the maximum compressive strain, increased by up to 20%. It was shown that the assessment of the composite strength at maximum load at the design stage significantly increased the risk of premature failure of the composite elements during exploitation.
“…At the same time, the experimental data indicated that through-thickness compression could significantly increase the interlaminar shear strength of the laminates [8]. Not considering this fact can lead to decreases in the weight efficiency of the composite structure [9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 91%
“…The FE mesh was refined between the notches. The 0.25-mm FE size in the gauge section of the specimen was chosen by a mesh convergence study, similarly to [9]. The total number of finite elements was 92,480.…”
The complexity of biaxial tests and analysis of their results makes it difficult to study the interlaminar shear properties of fibre-reinforced composites, particularly under through-thickness compression, which occurs in thick-walled composite elements. The improvements in experimental methods to study the features of the nonlinear behaviour of composites under biaxial loading is now an important and relevant task in the development aircraft structural elements made of сarbon fibre-reinforced polymers. This study aimed to develop a new experimental approach for the reliable determination of the interlaminar shear properties of laminates under through-thickness compression using a standard testing machine. An appropriate V-notched specimen was developed based on the configuration of well-known Iosipescu and butterfly-shaped specimens. The approach is demonstrated using woven carbon/epoxy laminates. Both the preliminary assessment of the stress fields under combined compression/shear loading and the analysis of fracture mechanisms were performed with finite-element modelling in a three-dimensional formulation. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to obtain experimental, full-field deformations of the specimens and to estimate the uniformity of the strain distribution in the gauge section. The stress–strain curves were obtained under biaxial loading, and the corresponding features of the composite failure behaviour were analysed in detail. It was found that the maximum compression strain on the stress–strain curves, in some cases, corresponded to the discontinuity in the composite structure. In these cases, the disproportionate changes in through-thickness strains in the gauge section of the specimens were recorded at the maximum load. With the increase in through-thickness compression stresses, the difference between the shear strength values, determined by the maximum load and the maximum compressive strain, increased by up to 20%. It was shown that the assessment of the composite strength at maximum load at the design stage significantly increased the risk of premature failure of the composite elements during exploitation.
Computational and experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate the robustness and durability of components produced of polymer composite materials (PCM), as a part of the modernization of the low-pressure compressor (LPC) of the engine for the regional aircraft. For a preliminary assessment of the static and dynamic strength of the parts, a series of three-dimensional finite element calculations and tests of laboratory specimens, structural elements cut from finished parts, have been performed. Testing the laboratory samples made it possible to compare the obtained mechanical properties with the properties declared by PCM suppliers and to conduct a mor e correct assessment of the safety margins of the parts. To decide whether to install parts on the engine, fatigue and erosion tests of the structural elements cut from the finished parts were carried out. The final decision on the performance of the PCM parts was made after testing them as part of the upgraded LPC on the engine. The criterion for evaluating the erosion resistance of PCM parts has been introduced, which makes it possible to assess their performance during operation.
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