Effectiveness of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Hospitalization for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Older US Adults: A Test-Negative Design

Abstract

Our study demonstrated real-world, direct effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia following introduction into a routine immunization program among adults aged ≥65 years, many of whom had immunocompromising and chronic medical conditions.

A Systematic Review of Studies Published between 2016 and 2019 on the Effectiveness and Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in an Elderly Population

“…Nine studies reported on PCV13 VE [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] (Table 1). Five of these were post-hoc analyses based on CAPITA data [11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Five of these were post-hoc analyses based on CAPITA data [11][12][13][14][15]. Besides the post-hoc studies, we identified two cohort studies, one from Spain [16] and one from Germany [17], and two studies using test-negative design (TND), one from the US [18] and one from Italy [19]. The Spanish cohort study used routine data collected in 2015 to identify all-cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia cases.…”

Pharmacotherapy and other aspects of senior medical students’ knowledge in community-acquired pneumonia: the final results of the KNOCAP II project

“…Today the most effective way to prevent CAP is pneumococcal and influenza vaccines (Chuchalin et al 2010;McLaughlin et al 2018;Russian Respiratory Society 2018). The second question of the questionnaire suggested choosing the highly efficient methods of CAP prevention from the proposed options: cold water treatment, homeopathic and immunomodulatory therapy, vaccination with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines.…”

“…In this case, according to the clinical guidelines, the drugs of choice are amoxicillin or macrolides. Despite the fact that in vitro aminopenicillins do not cover the full range of potential pathogens, clinical trials did not reveal differences in the effectiveness of these antibiotics in comparison with macrolides and respiratory fluoroquinolones (McLaughlin et al 2018;Wicha et al 2019). Macrolides should be preferred if it is impossible to use aminopenicillins (idiosyncrasy, allergy), and also with a suspected "atypical" etiology of the disease (S. pneumoniae and M. рneumoniae) (Breitling et al 2018;Lee et al 2018).…”

A comparative analysis of physicians’ basic knowledge with different work experience in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Project «КnoCAP», II phase (2017-2019)

“…Препараты выбора, согласно клиническим рекомендациям, -амоксициллин либо макролиды. Несмотря на то, что in vitro аминопенициллины не перекрывают весь спектр потенциальных воз-будителей, в ходе клинических исследований не выявлено различий в эффективности этих антибиотиков [17]. Макролидам следует отдавать предпочтение при подозрении на «атипичную» этиологию заболевания (S. pneumoniae и M. рneumoniae) [18,19].…”