“…To prevent these problems, it is crucial to properly collect and recycle WCO to create value-added products like biodiesel, lubricants, biopolymers, and soap [ [22] , [23] , [24] ]. For example, using purified and bleached WCO to create expressly formulated soaps which can lower the free fatty acid/acid value and peroxide value while increasing the saponification value [ [25] , [26] ]. In Ethiopia, many restaurants and street vendors overcook oils for several times and generate a significant amount of WCO due to a lack of awareness about the risks of overcooking.…”