The synergistic effect of waste cooking oil and endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on the production of high-grade laundry soap

Abera, Bahabelom  Haile; Diro, Abebe; Beyene, Tamene Tadesse

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16889

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Soap with pH values below 5 and above 10 has been associated with harshness on the hands and skin 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Soaps in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Odinga,

Nwaokezi,

George

et al. 2024

Singapore J.�Chem. Biol

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Background and Objective:The purposes of soap use may be lost when it induces irritations, allergies and adverse effects on the skin. The quality of soaps can be assessed based on their physicochemical properties. This study assessed some physicochemical properties of four variances of liquid soaps in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Morning fresh liquid soap and sunlight liquid soap served as the branded liquid soaps and pink liquid soap and lemon liquid soap served as the unbranded liquid soaps. Standard analytical procedures in line with AOCS and ISO were employed in determining the pH, matter insoluble in water, density, moisture and volatile content and inorganic salts of the liquid soaps.Results were analyzed statistically using SPSS 25. Results: The pink liquid soap had the highest pH (12.26±0.38) while morning fresh liquid soap had the lowest pH. Lemon liquid soap had the highest density while the pink liquid soap had the lowest density. Morning fresh liquid soap had the highest moisture and volatile content while lemon liquid soap had the least. Morning fresh had the highest matter insoluble content, the pink liquid had the least. Morning fresh and sunlight soaps had inorganic salt values of 170.78±0.90 and 93.00±1.00, pink and lemon soaps had 95.33±1.17 and 93.33±0.76. Conclusion:It is therefore suggested that the scaling, irritations and other adverse effects on the skin from the use of some liquid soaps can be associated with the pH and Inorganic salt content, thus a check on the pH of liquid soaps during production is expedient.

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“…Soap with pH values below 5 and above 10 has been associated with harshness on the hands and skin 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Soaps in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Odinga,

Nwaokezi,

George

et al. 2024

Singapore J.�Chem. Biol

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“…Selain diolah menjadi RPO, minyak sawit juga berperan sebagai minyak sayur (medium dalam penggorengan), shortening dalam pembuatan roti, pengganti lemak hewan, lemak dalam manisan (produk confectionery), keju analog, dan lainnya (Sulaiman et al, 2022). Limbah minyak sayur juga dapat diolah sebagai campuran pada pembuatan sabun (Abera et al, 2023).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Fraksi padat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam modifikasi lemak minyak misalnya menjadi produk fat replacer, sabun, dan lilin. Sabun juga dapat dibuat dari limbah minyak sayur dengan penambahan bahan lain misalnya potassium hidroksida dan sodium hidroksida (Abera et al, 2023).…”

Section: Gambar 2 Tim Pengabdian Memberikan Penyuluhan Kepada Khalaya...unclassified

Penyuluhan Pemurnian Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Anis,

Intara,

Koto

2024

Madaniya

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Pasar Bembah merupakan desa yang memiliki potensi dalam pengolahan kelapa sawit. Desa tersebut memiliki perkebunan sawit yang cukup luas dan terdapat industry skala rumahan untuk pengolahan CPO. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pemurnian CPO dan produk turunan dari kelapa sawit. Metode pengabdian yang dilakukan yaitu persiapan; sosialisasi (penyuluhan mengenai metode pemurnian minyak kelapa sawit); diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Khalayak sasaran pada pengbdian ini yaitu beberapa masyarakat desa Pasar Bembah, warga yang memiliki usaha pengolahan CPO, dan aparat desa. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemurnian CPO menggunakan metode sederhana, yaitu tahap deodorisasi dengan dialiri nitrogen, dan produk turunan lain dari kelapa sawit yaitu lilin dan sabun.

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“…In this regard, Phytolacca dodecandra L'Herit (Endod in Amharic, Ethiopia) is a potential target plant for investigating new protease because it is traditionally used for washing purposes (Esser et al, 2003;Lemma, 1970). According to Abera et al (2023), when small berries are dried, ground into a powder, and mixed with water, they produce a highly effective foaming detergent solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To fully harness these advantages, it is essential to enhance the recovery rate of Endods through citizen participation and effective collection programms. By transforming Endod into valuable products, such as enzymes for detergent formulation, and by emphasizing its economic potential, the plant can significantly contribute to the overall economic growth of the country (Abera et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of a novel protease from Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) berries for potential application in detergent formulation

Anbesaw,

Worku

2024

J Surfact & Detergents

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Conventional detergent formulations contain either petroleum‐derived or synthetic chemicals. Hence, the replacement of these chemicals with natural products such as enzymes is considered a green technology. Among these enzymes, protease is renowned in detergent formulations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore and characterize a new protease from Phytolacca dodecandra, because the plant is traditionally known for detergency purposes. Enzyme extraction was performed with Glycine/NaOH buffer, pH = 10.0. Gelatin hydrolysis and agar well diffusion tests were implemented as qualitative assays, whereas the enzyme assay technique was applied for the quantitative investigation of the new protease from plant extracts. The crude enzyme was partially characterized concerning temperature and pH tolerance, washing performance, detergent compatibility, and stability. The finding of this study revealed that Phytolacca dodecandra contains protease and is characterized by 1418.84 U/mL of enzyme activity, where 1 unit (U) of enzyme activity refers to the amount of enzyme required to liberate 1 μg of tyrosine/mL/min under the defined assay conditions. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 45°C. The enzyme was stable and maintained 99.52% activity at 40°C and 91.73% at pH 10.0 after 2 h pre‐incubation. The enzyme showed excellent wash performance and could potentially remove blood stains completely within 3 min. After 2 h of pre‐incubation the enzyme maintained 69.06% and 54.88% of its activity in the presence of Azzy and Sunlight, respectively. The enzyme maintained 71.99% of its residual activity after 60 days of storage. If further studies are conducted, all these properties of the newly investigated protease can make the enzyme applicable in detergent formulations.

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The synergistic effect of waste cooking oil and endod (Phytolacca dodecandra) on the production of high-grade laundry soap

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Soaps in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Assessment of Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Soaps in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Penyuluhan Pemurnian Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Exploration of a novel protease from Phytolacca dodecandra (Endod) berries for potential application in detergent formulation

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