Effectiveness and safety of low-carbohydrate diets

Abstract

(http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.With the recent assertions made by certain Korean media that low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets are panaceas for weight reduction and health improvement, such diets have been in the public spotlight. Medical and nutrition professionals have claimed that the inordinate popularity of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets may pose a significant threat to public health. The aim of this review was to explore the latest evidence on the effectiveness and safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Recent clinical trials have shown that low-carbohydrate diets result in favorable changes in body weight and biochemical cardiovascular risk factors. However, the safety of low-carbohydrate diets remains inconclusive in the long term. Although the latest guidelines for the management of obesity recommend obese adults to use low-carbohydrate diets as an alternative dietary approach to achieve weight loss depending on each patient's dietary habits and medical status, such diets cannot currently be recommended as a strategy for health promotion among the general population due to long-term safety concerns. The results of cohort studies in Japan that have shown moderate diets lower in carbohydrates to be associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular mortality, total mortality, and type 2 diabetes in Japanese women, suggest that a low-glycemic load diet might be an optimal dietary approach for Korean obese adults with insulin resistance.

Two-Week Exclusive Supplementation of Modified Ketogenic Nutrition Drink Reserves Lean Body Mass and Improves Blood Lipid Profile in Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…This study however, has a few limitations. First, the long-term effects and safety of this study could not be determined because it was a short-term intervention that spanned a period of only two weeks, making it difficult to recommend it for general people as a diet therapy for health improvement [35]. Second, although the ketogenic diet used in this study produced some positive results in terms of weight loss and blood lipid profile improvement, compliance was rather low, and the drop-out rate was high at 50% for KD4:1 group and 38.9% for KD1.7:1 group.…”