Effective Vaccine Management: The Case of a Rural District in Ghana

Abstract

Background The Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) initiative provides the platform needed to monitor and assess the vaccine supply chain system to identify strengths and weaknesses of the system at all levels to enhance the development of improvement plan to strengthen the system. This valuation was carried out in the Tolon District of the Northern Region, Ghana. Methods A descriptive valuation of vaccine management was carried out in six vaccine stores in the Tolon District of Northern Ghana. We employed World Health Organization (WHO) assessment tools and procedures which consisted of desk reviews and interviews of cold chain managers to assess vaccine management practices in the district. Five out of the nine global assessment criteria were assessed and a minimum target level required for all criteria to meet the WHO standard was 80%. Results None of the facilities assessed met the WHO benchmark of 80% for all but one criteria assessed. With regards to temperature control, the scores ranged from 42% at Kasuliyili CHPS Centre to 77% at the district store with an average district score of 60%. Stock management ranged between 11% at Wantugu Health Centre and 75% at Nyankpala Health Centre with district average score of 32%. Effective vaccine distribution scores ranged between 13% at Kasuliyili CHPS and 46% at Nyankpala Health Centre with an average district score of 27%. Only Nyankpala Health Centre had an acceptable score of 84% for vaccine management, whereas the lowest score for this indicator was 5% at Tolon Health Centre store with district average score of 53%. Information management and supportive functions scores ranged from 0% at Tolon Health Centre to 26% at the district store with the district average score of 16%. Nineteen (90.5%) of vaccine users had poor knowledge regarding temperature control and vaccine distribution. Conclusion Effective vaccine management knowledge and practices are poor at Tonlon district and calls for urgent and pragmatic approaches such as training and re-training of vaccine users at all levels.

Assessment of Factors Affecting Vaccine Cold Chain Management Practice in Bahir Dar City Health Institutions, 2019

“…In this study, out of 14 health facilities, only 9 (64.3%) had functional thermometer. In order to effectively maintain the cold chain system, there should be at least one functional thermometer to control the temperature of refrigerator in every day in the health facility since these facilities are expected to provide vaccination services for their communities on a daily basis the must regulate the temperature of the refrigerator in order to maintain the potency of the vaccine [23,24].…”

Cold Chain Maintenance and Vaccine Stock Management Practices at Public Health Centers Providing Child Immunization Services in Jimma Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: Multi-Centered, Mixed Method Approach

“…29 Considering vaccines require more complex handling and storage requirements owing to increased temperature sensitivity and complicated vaccination schedules, effective management of the vaccine cold chain system at all levels is one of the most crucial criteria for sustaining vaccine potency. 30 Availability of cold chain equipment, cold chain handlers' knowledge, training, supervision, and cold chain management practice are critical determinants of the sustainability and effectiveness of immunization programs. 21,31 Inadequate knowledge of vaccine cold chain handlers and improper practice of cold chain maintenance is one of the common challenges among public health centers, especially in remote areas.…”

Cold Chain Management by Healthcare Providers at a District in Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study

“…Although the Ghana Health Service's Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) is responsible for cold chain activities in Ghana, there is paucity of evidence on healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and challenges on cold chain management as well as the extent to which health facilities adhere to cold chain management in Ghana [8,[11][12][13]. The Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Ghana Health Service has also developed a guideline on vaccination which includes the cold chain management system [7].…”