Effective two-level models for highly efficient inner-state enantioseparation based on cyclic three-level systems of chiral molecules

Abstract

Based on cyclic three-level systems of chiral molecules, we propose two methods to realize highly efficient inner-state enantio-separations of a chiral mixture with the two enantiomers initially prepared in their ground states. Our methods work in the region where the evolutions of the two enantiomers can be described by their corresponding effective two-level models, simultaneously. The approximately 100%-efficiency inner-state enantio-separations can be realized when the probability occupying the ground state of one enantiomer becomes 0 by experiencing half-integer periods of its corresponding on-resonance Rabi oscillation and in the meanwhile the other one still stays approximately in the ground state, under the conditions that the two enantiomers are governed by the effective on-resonance and large-detuning two-level models, respectively. Alternatively, the exactly 100%-efficiency inner-state enantio-separation can be obtained when the probabilities occupying the ground states of the two enantiomers simultaneously experience half-integer and integer periods of their corresponding on-resonance and detuned (instead of largely-detuned) Rabi oscillations with final 0 and 1 probabilities occupying the ground state, respectively.

Fast enantioconversion of chiral mixtures based on a four-level double- Δ model

“…We aim to achieve that the wanted chiral ground state |L evolves back to the state |L and in the meanwhile the unwanted chiral ground state |R is transferred to the dressed state |D − during the first operation. That is, the For this, we assume that the coupling strengths and the detunings satisfy the following conditions [44]:…”

“…Well-established optical methods [16][17][18], such as circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, and Raman optical activity, were used for determination of enantiomeric excess in chiral mixtures (enantiodiscrimination). Based on the three-level -type (also called cyclic three-level) models, theoretical methods for enantiodiscrimination [24,43], enantiospecific state transfer [19,21,23,38,44,45], and enantioseparation [20,22] were proposed. Very recently, breakthrough experiments devoted to realizing enantiodiscrimination [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] and enantiospecific state transfer [53,54] have been achieved based on the threelevel -type models.…”

Enantiodiscrimination of chiral molecules via quantum correlation function

“…In general, only one enantiomeric form is biologically beneficial, while the other one is harmful or even fatal. Thus, enantiodiscrimination [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], enantiospecific state transfer [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], spatial enantioseparation [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35], and enantioconversion [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] of chiral molecules have become very important and challenging tasks.…”

“…In recent years, some theoretical schemes have been proposed to implement the enantiodiscrimination [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], enantiopurification (including enantiospecific state transfer [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and enantioconversion [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]), and spatial enantioseparation [28][29][30][31][32]35] of chiral molecules through the optical means.…”

Two-Path Interference for Enantiomer-Selective State Transfer of Chiral Molecules

“…Lately, a lot of remarkable experiments were contributed to the verification of enantiomeric differentiation and the probe of enantiomeric excess based on the technique of microwave three-wave mixing (M3WM) [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Promoted by experimental achivements, some proposals were put forward very recently for the related issues, such as the design of cyclic three-level configurations in chiral molecules [49], shortcut-to-adiabatic (STA) enantiomerselective population transfer of chiral molecules by means of shaped pulses [50,51], and dynamic methods for the enantiomeric excess determination [40] and the innerstate enantio-separation [52].…”