Effective separation and recovery of valuable metals from waste Ni-based batteries: A comprehensive review

Wang, Jie; Yu, Laihao; Cui, Kunkun; Fu, Tao; Mao, Haobo

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135767

Cited by 64 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Direct roasting allows for the presence of other impurities in the feedstock of spent LIBs, because the impurity components can be broken down into gases at high temperatures or remain in the slag phase, which is convenient for simultaneous processing of a large number of unclassied spent LIBs. 37,99 The whole process is carried out at high temperature with the participation of a reducing agent, and all the risks are concentrated in the processing process. Through the gradient heating method, the risk of explosion can be further reduced.…”

Section: Direct Roastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35] Pyrometallurgy usually requires high energy consumption and emits harmful gases to pollute the environment. [36][37][38] The hydrometallurgical process has the advantages of a high metal recovery rate, high product purity, low energy consumption, and low gas emission, and is considered to be the best method for LIB recycling. [39][40][41] In addition, some emerging technologies (such as electrochemical technology and microbial technology) are also developing towards efficient waste Li recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review

et al. 2022

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Section: Direct Roastingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review

et al. 2022

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“…The alkali metal and zinc content of BF raw materials can reach 9.56 and 0.767 kg t −1 , respectively. [ 68,69 ] The ash phase of carbon brick and CCB is mainly composed of aluminum oxide and silicon carbide with small amounts of silicon dioxide and mullite. These compounds react with alkali metals and zinc vapors and cause expansion and damage of refractory materials.…”

Section: Erosion Mechanism Of Hearth Refractoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion Behavior and Longevity Technologies of Refractory Linings in Blast Furnaces for Ironmaking: A Review

Cui

Wang

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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Erosion of the refractory materials in blast furnaces (BFs) greatly limits their campaign life, which seriously reduces the economic benefits of iron and steel plants and endangers workers. Therefore, it is important to detect and monitor the erosion process of refractory materials in the BF hearth. In this review, the mechanisms of physical damage, chemical corrosion, and mechanical erosion of BF hearths during BF operation are analyzed and summarized. In addition, the effects of hearth structure, refractory type, and protective layer on hearth erosion behavior and hearth life are analyzed and discussed. Some longevity technologies of BF hearths are analyzed and compared, such as reasonable hearth structure design, refractory selection, and technologies to form protective layers. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of long campaign life BF hearths are discussed.

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“…Zinc oxide as one of important basic raw chemicals, which is widely used in rubber, paints, ceramics, and other chemical industries [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In China, the consumption of zinc oxide is 0.3~0.5 million tons per year, accounting for 5%~10% of the total amount of zinc [ 10 , 11 ]. The preparation of ZnO can be divided into the direct process, indirect process, and wet-chemical method (active zinc oxide).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

Gao

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Zinc ash is a by-product of the hot-dip galvanizing process and the electrolytic zinc process, which is classified as a hazardous waste consisting predominately of zinc oxide that could be recovered as the useful main resource for ZnO preparation. In this work, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the direct reduction process and improve the resource-recovery rate. A new technology for zinc oxide production, by a carbothermal reduction of zinc ash, is proposed. This process includes two steps: high-temperature roasting of zinc ash for dechlorination and a carbothermal reduction of dechlorination ash. Zn in zinc ash is mainly presented in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO), basic zinc chloride (Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O), and metallic zinc (Zn). Basic zinc chloride can be roasted and decomposed to reduce the chlorine content in zinc ash. The results of a chloride ion removal test show that the optimal roasting temperature is 1000 °C, with a holding time of 60 min. Under the modified conditions, the chloride content in the roasted zinc ash is reduced to 0.021 wt.%, and the dechlorination rate is more than 99.5%, which can meet the requirements of zinc oxide production. The best process conditions for zinc oxide production by carbothermic reduction are as follows: reduction temperature of 1250 °C, reduction time of 60 min, and reduction agent addition of 22 wt.%. Under the best reduction process, the purity of zinc oxide product is 99.5%, and the recovery of zinc is more than 99.25%. Needle-like zinc oxide obtained by carbothermic reduction has high purity and can replace zinc oxide produced by an indirect process.

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Effective separation and recovery of valuable metals from waste Ni-based batteries: A comprehensive review

Cited by 64 publications

References 121 publications

Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review

Emerging green technologies for recovery and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries – a review

Erosion Behavior and Longevity Technologies of Refractory Linings in Blast Furnaces for Ironmaking: A Review

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

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