Effective removal of Basic Red 12 dye by novel antimicrobial trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate-cross-linked chitosan hydrogels

Abstract

Dyes removal from wastewater of industries is considered the prime demand of the environment. Three trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate-cross-linked chitosan hydrogels, previously reported as novel antimicrobial agents, were investigated for the first time in this work as adsorbents for Basic Red 12 (BR 12) cationic dye. These hydrogels behave as polyanionic materials. Their adsorption capacity for the BR 12 dye increased significantly with increasing both the temperature, the solution pH and their cross-linking content. Their adsorption fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Their adsorption isotherms conform to the Langmuir model suggesting that the adsorption nature is a monolayer having an optimum sorption capability of 38.27 mg g−1 and removal efficiency of 97.38%. The results proved that the adsorption process is remarkably proceeded by chemisorption phenomenon. The data of adsorption thermodynamics indicate that the adsorption is an endothermic process. The regeneration and reuse of the hydrogels were possible. Thus, incorporation of the functionality of the cross-linker into chitosan within the same structure efficiently enhanced its features. It is a good manner for achieving appropriate series of efficient adsorbents which are considered as favorable nominees in the field of basic dyes removal.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Uracil-Modified Chitosan as a Promising Adsorbent for Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye

“…This proves that UCs is efficient and promising adsorbent for the removal of CR dye from aqueous solution. The reusability is considered one of the most important aspects to minimize the cost of adsorption by regeneration of adsorbent [47,48].…”

Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Adsorption of Basic Red 12 Dye by Trimellitic Anhydride Isothiocyanate-Cross Linked Chitosan Hydrogel

“…In our previous studies [32][33][34], four chitosan-based hydrogels (H1-H4) have been designed and synthesized using different concentrations of trimellitic anhydride isothiocyanate as a cross linker. The resulted cross linked chitosan hydrogels possess a variety of bioactive functional groups (thiourea, amide, carboxylic groups) in addition to the residual primary amino groups of chitosan that do not consume during the cross-linking process.…”

Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Studies for Efficient Adsorption of Congo Red Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Novel Cyanoguanidine-Modified Chitosan Adsorbent

“…In addition, dyes can lead to severe damage to the liver, digestive and central nervous systems of humans. [1][2][3]. Due to the synthetic origin and the complex structure of these dyes, they are stable in light and heat and are not bio-degradable [4].…”

“…Many techniques have been applied to remove dyes, including biodegradation, membrane filtration, coagulationaggregation, electrochemical and oxidation processes. These techniques have a considerable efficiency, but they face some issues, including high energy consumption, a large cost, a large amount of toxic residues and poor performance at low dye concentrations [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Adsorption methods have been proven to be a highly effective technique for the removal of dyes due to their simplicity, easy operation, low initial cost, and the adsorbent abundance with no undesirable secondary product, in addition to easy restoring of the adsorbents for reuse [1][2][3][4][5]. The most important adsorbent is the carbon because of its high efficiency to remove the various contaminants, but it is highly expensive and is difficult in regeneration [6].…”