Effective Dynamic Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids

Optimal DG Allocation and Volt–Var Dispatch for a Droop-Based Microgrid

“…Hence, n q of all the DGs can be optimised for minimising real power loss [31] along with improving reactive power sharing. It is also well known that network reconfiguration along with volt-var control can substantially improve the voltage profile, reduce the line losses [32], improve the voltage stability, and loadability [30]. Coordinated volt-var control of DGs and scheduling of network reconfiguration switches can provide additional flexibility for reactive power control.…”

The Spectrum of Proactive, Resilient Multi-Microgrid Scheduling: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Selected key contributions. [48] 2012-09-28 Integration of dynamic topology option into economic microgrid operation [49] 2014-04-09 Optimal scheduling of DER considering the risk of outages [27] 2014-09-26 Interaction of microgrids with and without independent islanding capabilities [50] 2016-06-13 Value of reconfigurable microgrids in integrating Electric Vehicles (EVs) [20] 2016-08-10 Resilient scheduling of microgrids affected by uncertainty [51] 2016-08-26 Multi-objective scheduling of microgrids considering normal operation costs and the risk of load curtailment [52] 2016-10-15 Microgrid scheduling considering operating costs, emissions, and reserve requirements [53] 2017-08-17 Robust formulation of the optimal proactive scheduling problem for microgrids [28] 2017-12-13 Risk-based strategies for multi-microgrid scheduling considering stochastic RESs [54] 2018-02-16 Optimal scheduling for hybrid AC/DC multi-microgrids [55] 2018-02-20 Integration of Demand Response (DR) programs and grid reconfiguration into microgrid asset scheduling [56] 2018-03-26 Resilient asset scheduling in reconfigurable microgrids [57] 2018-05-11 Security-constrained dispatch for microgrids using multi-objective optimization [58] 2018-08-17 Resiliency enhancements by optional scheduling of networked microgrids [59] 2018-12-28 Impact of scheduling discrepancies on interconnected microgrids [60] 2019-04-18 Microgrid scheduling combining flexible time frame DER scheduling and single time interval-based optimal dispatch [61] 2019-07-02 Resilient scheduling of networked multi-microgrids using a three-stage approach [62] 2019-08-07 Proactive, resilient scheduling of interconnected microgrids [63] 2019-08-16 Distributed energy management of interconnected microgrids considering adversarial actions [64] 2020-01-06 Optimal, resilient operation of dynamic multi-microgrids…”

“…However, other limitations such as reactive and apparent power constraints are far less common. For instance, only eight out of 20 key contributions including [53,56,62,64] explicitly considered reactive or apparent power constraints. For one publication, [49], not enough details were given to clearly categorize the constraint.…”

“…In case a load is interrupted because, for instance, line protection trips that load is not considered to be sheddable load. In addition to loads, that can be interrupted based on a signal from the microgrid controller, shiftable loads that can be deferred [27,54,56,58] and price-based DR programs [55] are modeled. However, these load types are only considered in a minority of five papers.…”

“…Some publications directly model the power-flow equations as non-linear relationship between the voltage magnitudes and angle differences of connected buses [55]. Others directly present a linearized version [48] or include a linearization procedure [56]. Notably, some publications indirectly reference the power-flow model by using an external solver in their scheduling approach [51,57,60], but the majority explicitly states the power system model.…”