Effective cellulose nanocrystal imaging using transmission electron microscopy

Stinson‐Bagby, Kelly L.; Roberts, Rose; Foster, E. Johan

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.054

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Initial characterisation of the CNCs using DLS and AFM has provided detail of their structure. This is consistent with previous electron microscopy studies,19,20 and values compare well with previous measurements from small angle neutron scattering in suspension that gave average dimensions of 195 ± 35 nm in length, 22 ± 3 nm in width, and 6 ± 0.2 nm in thickness 21. Additionally, this study builds on previous descriptions of the CNCs at the interface of a Pickering stabilised emulsion and the first in a food-ready system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

et al. 2019

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“…TEM images of unstained CNCs comparing (a) never-dried CNCs and (b) freeze dried and redispersed CNC 298. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…TEM images of CNCs prepared with (a) negative staining and (b) unstained (both images taken around 100 kX magnification) 298. …”

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confidence: 99%

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

et al. 2018

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A new family of materials comprised of cellulose, cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), having properties and functionalities distinct from molecular cellulose and wood pulp, is being developed for applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials. Commercialization, paralleled by research in this field, is fueled by the unique combination of characteristics, such as high on-axis stiffness, sustainability, scalability, and mechanical reinforcement of a wide variety of materials, leading to their utility across a broad spectrum of high-performance material applications. However, with this exponential growth in interest/activity, the development of measurement protocols necessary for consistent, reliable and accurate materials characterization has been outpaced. These protocols, developed in the broader research community, are critical for the advancement in understanding, process optimization, and utilization of CNMs in materials development. This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils.

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“…Sample preparation followed protocols similar to that previously reported for aqueous suspensions, with attempted dispersion in N, N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) instead of water herein. [ 23 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premixed cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement of polyamide 6 for melt processing

et al. 2020

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This work presents a method of industrially viable processing of nanocellulose-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA 6). Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)reinforced PA 6 is gaining attention as a promising material for use in the automotive industry due to its highly crystalline, low density, and environmentally friendly nature. However, the low-thermal degradation temperature of CNCs presents problems when melt processing at high temperatures, making it difficult to produce the nanocomposite on a large scale. This article presents a methodology of master batching (MB) using planetary ball milling to embed the CNCs in PA 6. The process of MB CNCs with PA 6 to thermally buffer them was compared to direct milling and hand mixing, prior to melt processing with compression molding. The milled composites had final CNC compositions of either 5 or 10 wt%. Through thermal analysis, it was seen that although both milling methods thermally buffered the CNCs, the presence of the low-molecular weight PA 6 in the MB samples resulted in higher thermal stability. In addition to this, the mechanical analysis showed that the MB samples with 5 wt% CNCs had optimum Young's moduli, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation % at break. Overall, the use of milling for MB to coat the CNCs in polymer is a promising alternative to traditional processes and has potential as a method of industrially manufacturing cellulose reinforced polymer composites.

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Effective cellulose nanocrystal imaging using transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials

Premixed cellulose nanocrystal reinforcement of polyamide 6 for melt processing

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