The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

Mackie, Alan; Gourcy, Simon; Rigby, Neil M.; Moffat, Jonathan; Capron, Isabel; Bajka, Balázs

doi:10.1039/c8nr05860a

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Experiments on gastrointestinal mucus that has been detached from tissue are useful for evaluating the influence of luminal compounds (e.g. type of drug and/or drug carrier 19–21 , type of dietary fibre 22,23 , etc.) or the source of mucus (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of the small intestinal mucus for physiologically relevant studies: Impact of mucus location and ex vivo treatment

Macierzanka

Mackie

Krupa

2019

Sci Rep

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The small intestinal mucus is a complex colloidal system that coats the intestinal mucosa. It allows passage on nutrients/pharmaceuticals from the gut lumen towards the epithelium, whilst preventing it from direct contact with luminal microorganisms. Mucus collected from intestinal tissue is often used in studies looking at inter-mucosal transport of food particulates, drug carriers, etc. However, detaching the highly hydrated native mucus from the tissue and storing it frozen prior to use may disrupt its physiological microstructure, and thus selective barrier properties. Multiple-particle tracking experiments showed that microstructural organisation of native, jejunal mucus depends on its spatial location in the intestinal mucosa. The inter-villus mucus was less heterogeneous than the mucus covering villi tips in the pig model used. Collecting mucus from tissue and subjecting it to freezing and thawing did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) its permeability to model, sub-micron sized particles, and the microviscosity profile of the mucus reflected the overall profiles recorded for the native mucus in the tissue. This implies the method of collecting and storing mucus is a reliable ex vivo treatment for the convenient planning and performing of mucus-permeability studies that aim to mimic physiological conditions of the transport of molecules/particles in native mucus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeability of the small intestinal mucus for physiologically relevant studies: Impact of mucus location and ex vivo treatment

Macierzanka

Mackie

Krupa

2019

Sci Rep

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“…In recent years, Pickering emulsion based delivery systems have been used for encapsulation and controlled release applications in various fields such as cosmetic, food, biomedical, and pharmaceutics . For instance, Mackie et al have produced sunflower (O/W) emulsions stabilized by CNCs, which were exposed to stimulated upper gastrointestinal tract digestion (Mackie et al, 2019). They demonstrated that CNCs were entrapped in the intestinal mucus layer and failed to reach the underlying epithelium, leading to the decrease of the adsorption of saturated lipids, thus concluded the effectiveness of CNC emulsifier through the reduction of plasma cholesterol.…”

Section: Nanocellulose As Pickering Emulsifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

et al. 2020

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Over the past few years, nanocellulose (NC), cellulose in the form of nanostructures, has been proved to be one of the most prominent green materials of modern times. NC materials have gained growing interests owing to their attractive and excellent characteristics such as abundance, high aspect ratio, better mechanical properties, renewability, and biocompatibility. The abundant hydroxyl functional groups allow a wide range of functionalizations via chemical reactions, leading to developing various materials with tunable features. In this review, recent advances in the preparation, modification, and emerging application of nanocellulose, especially cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), are described and discussed based on the analysis of the latest investigations (particularly for the reports of the past 3 years). We start with a concise background of cellulose, its structural organization as well as the nomenclature of cellulose nanomaterials for beginners in this field. Then, different experimental procedures for the production of nanocelluloses, their properties, and functionalization approaches were elaborated. Furthermore, a number of recent and emerging uses of nanocellulose in nanocomposites, Pickering emulsifiers, wood adhesives, wastewater treatment, as well as in new evolving biomedical applications are presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of NC-based emerging materials are discussed.

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“…Recent advancements in nanotechnology have provided unique opportunities in the field of drug development programs. Nanoparticles are known as major products of the nanotechnologies with at least one dimension of 100 nm or less, and have attracted great interest due to their intriguing and unique properties compared to their bulk material [10, 11]. These characteristics make them suitable for different biomedical applications such as drug delivery, medical diagnostics and therapeutics [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine

et al. 2019

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Background Currently available anti-influenza drugs are often associated with limitations such as toxicity and the appearance of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of novel, safe and more efficient antiviral agents. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles against H1N1 influenza virus. Methods The nanoparticles were characterized using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microscopy. MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, and anti-influenza activity was determined by TCID50 and quantitative Real-Time PCR assays. To study the inhibitory impact of nanoparticles on the expression of viral antigens, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was also performed. Results Post-exposure of influenza virus with PEGylated ZnO-NPs and bare ZnO-NPs at the highest non-toxic concentrations could be led to 2.8 and 1.2 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titer when compared to the virus control, respectively (P < 0.0001). At the highest non-toxic concentrations, the PEGylated and unPEGylated ZnO-NPs led to inhibition rates of 94.6% and 52.2%, respectively, which were calculated based on the viral loads. There was a substantial decrease in fluorescence emission intensity in viral-infected cell treated with PEGylated ZnO-NPs compared to the positive control. Conclusions Taken together, our study indicated that PEGylated ZnO-NPs could be a novel, effective, and promising antiviral agent against H1N1 influenza virus infection, and future studies can be designed to explore the exact antiviral mechanism of these nanoparticles.

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The fate of cellulose nanocrystal stabilised emulsions after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and exposure to intestinal mucosa

Abstract: The intestinal mucus layer prevents cellulose nanocrystals from reaching the epithelium and can modulate lipid and bile absorption.

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

Permeability of the small intestinal mucus for physiologically relevant studies: Impact of mucus location and ex vivo treatment

Permeability of the small intestinal mucus for physiologically relevant studies: Impact of mucus location and ex vivo treatment

Nanocellulose: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine

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