Effective Bone Engineering with Periosteum-derived Cells

Abstract

Bone augmentation via tissue engineering has generated significant interest. We hypothesized that periosteum-derived cells could be used in place of bone marrow stromal cells (which are widely used) in bone engineering, but the differences in osteogenic potential between these 2 cell types are unclear. Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of these cells, and investigated the optimal osteoinductive conditions for periosteum-derived cells. Both cell types were induced, via bFGF and BMP-2, to differentiate into osteoblasts. Periosteal cells proliferated faster than marrow stromal cells, and osteogenic markers indicated that bone marrow stromal cells were more osteogenic than periosteal cells. However, pre-treatment with bFGF made periosteal cells more sensitive to BMP-2 and more osteogenic. Transplants of periosteal cells treated with BMP-2 after pre-treatment with bFGF formed more new bone than did marrow stromal cells. Analysis of these data suggests that combined treatment with bFGF and BMP-2 can make periosteum a highly useful source of bone regeneration.

Activated platelets increase fibrinolysis of mesenchymal progenitor cells

“…The presence of mesenchymal progenitors is not, however, restricted to the medullary cavity, as this pluripotent cell type also exists in other tissues such as the periosteum, the synovial membrane, and the vasculature. [15][16][17] Additional experiments are needed to elucidate the effect of platelet-released signaling molecules on mesenchymal progenitors from these sources. Moreover, mesenchymal progenitors are derived from elderly donors, which may affect the nature of the cells harvested.…”

“…2,3 Mesenchymal progenitors are present in a broad spectrum of tissues, such as bone marrow, periosteum, synovial membrane, and the vasculature where they are supposed to contribute to bone remodeling and regeneration. [14][15][16][17] Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are commonly used to elucidate the response of mesenchymal progenitors to signaling molecules. 8,[18][19][20] Most of these studies were performed with single growth factors, which only partially reflect the complex environment of the blood clot.…”

Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Follicle Cells on Rat Calvaria

“…Several methods have been used to demonstrate the osteogenic potential of MSC in vivo including transplantation into a calvarial bone defect [23][24][25][26][27] or subcutaneous spaces 17,[28][29][30] . The method we used was useful for examining osteogenic potential because the cells were transplanted into an environment containing bone tissue in vivo without a complicated procedure such as generating a bone defect or fracture.…”

Identification of an Aptamer Binding to Human Osteogenic-Induced Progenitor Cells

“…Jaw periosteal cells ( JPCs) possess a higher bone formation capacity than bone marrow-derived MSCs (Zhu et al, 2006;Agata et al, 2007). Further studies have been undertaken to characterize this cell source in detail (Hutmacher and Sittinger, 2003;De Bari et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2006;Alexander et al, 2008;Ringe et al, 2008;Alexander et al, 2009;Alexander et al, 2010;Alexander et al, 2011).…”