Effective atomic numbers for materials of dosimetric interest

Studies on effective atomic numbers and electron densities of nucleobases in DNA

“…Hiremath and Chikkur (1993) and Manjunathaguru and Umesh (2006) have reported effective atomic numbers for some chemical compounds containing H, C, O and H, C, N, O atoms, respectively. Such studies in tissues and equivalent materials appear to be limited Bhandal and Singh, 1993;Kumar and Reddy, 1997;Shivaramu et al, 1999;Shivaramu and Ramprasath, 2000;Shivaramu et al, 2001;Shivaramu, 2002;Salehi et al, 2015;Kurudirek, 2014). Taylor et al (2012) proposed the Auto-Z eff software for calculation of effective atomic numbers.…”

Gamma radiation shielding analysis of lead-flyash concretes

“…Singh et al (2004) and Akkurt et al (2004) studied building materials as shielding materials for gamma radiations both theoretically as well as practically. Kumar and Reddy (1997) and Yilmaz et al (2011) studied effective atomic numbers of some concretes. Kharita et al (2008) and Akkurt et al (2010) studied shielding characteristics of concretes using barites and natural local materials by evaluating half value layer and tenth value layer.…”

Physical properties and thermoluminescence of glasses designed for radiation dosimetry measurements

“…For a material to be accepted as a tissue alternate for photon interaction, the radiation absorption and scattering acquired for a specified material must be the same as that experienced by the tissue, under similar conditions. A suitable way of comparing the interaction with radiation of a given tissue and the specified tissue equivalent material, is to consider either the photo mass attenuation coefficient and mass energy absorption coefficient, or the effective atomic number [38]. To verify that the glass samples are tissue equivalent, the ratio of Z eff for selected glass samples and the Z eff for soft tissue was considered.…”