Effect on performance of learning a pilates skill with or without a mirror

Lynch, Jennifer; Chalmers, Gordon; Knutzen, Kathleen M.; Martin, LeaAnn Tyson

doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2008.09.003

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(17 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, within this study the mirror condition did not seem to result in a reduction or improvement in performance. These results support some [18, 21], but not all [16, 17], studies investigating the effect of mirrors on motor activities. Note that the majority of studies to date that have investigated the influence of a mirror on performance during a motor task have compared it solely to a Neutral condition [11, 13, 15, 18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In contrast, in the present study, the use of a mirror was also compared to EF and IF conditions which extend our understanding of how mirrors affect performance in a relation to the well-established focus conditions. Further, while previous mirror studies have investigated outcome measures such as balance [16], accuracy [17], movement economy [14] and motor learning [15], to our knowledge no study investigated a maximal force and jumping tasks as in the present study. Investigating such tasks is important as both trained and untrained participants commonly perform resistance training exercises in front of mirrors in gym environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the mirrors apparent popularity, the few studies to investigate the influence of mirrors on motor performance have reported mixed results [10–17]. For example, Bennett and Davids [11] observed that novice and intermediate level powerlifters benefited from performing the squat exercise in front of a mirror when asked to descend to a very precise and optimal depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Effects of Either a Mirror, Internal or External Focus Instructions on Single and Multi-Joint Tasks

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Training in front of mirrors is common, yet little is known about how the use of mirrors effects muscle force production. Accordingly, we investigated how performing in front of a mirror influences performance in single and multi-joint tasks, and compared the mirror condition to the established performance effects of internal focus (IF) and external focus (EF) instructions in a two part experiment. In the single-joint experiment 28 resistance-trained participants (14 males and 14 females) completed two elbow flexion maximal voluntary isometric contractions under four conditions: mirror, IF, EF and neutral instructions. During these trials, surface EMG activity of the biceps and triceps were recorded. In the multi-joint experiment the same participants performed counter-movement jumps on a force plate under the same four conditions. Single-joint experiment: EF led to greater normalized force production compared to all conditions (P≤0.02, effect-size range [ES] = 0.46–1.31). No differences were observed between neutral and mirror conditions (P = 0.15, ES = 0.15), but both were greater than IF (P<0.01, ES = 0.79–1.84). Surface EMG activity was comparable across conditions (P≥0.1, ES = 0.10–0.21). Multi-joint experiment: Despite no statistical difference (P = 0.10), a moderate effect size was observed for jump height whereby EF was greater than IF (ES = 0.51). No differences were observed between neutral and mirror conditions (ES = 0.01), but both were greater than IF (ES = 0.20–22). The mirror condition led to superior performance compared to IF, inferior performance compared to EF, and was equal to a neutral condition in both tasks. These results provide novel and practical evidence concerning mirror training during resistance type training.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effects of Either a Mirror, Internal or External Focus Instructions on Single and Multi-Joint Tasks

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…49 Quantitative evaluation using video analysis before and after the training assessed lateral alignment of the body. Visual feedback from the mirror did not enhance subsequent performance.…”

Section: Outcome Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilates: What Is It? Should It Be Used in Rehabilitation?

Lorenzo¹

2011

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context:The interest and popularity of Pilates is increasing worldwide. In addition to being used in fitness programs, it is being used in some rehabilitation programs.Evidence Acquisition:This review summarizes level III evidence from 1995 to 2009 obtained from PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, and the Internet. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals were retrieved for appraisal. The keywords searched were Pilates and core stabilization.Results:Ninety articles were identified in MEDLINE and CINAHL; 9 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria for level III evidence.Conclusion:There is a scientific basis for the effectiveness of Pilates exercise, with limited evidence to support it as a rehabilitative intervention.

show abstract

“…Entre os benefícios deste método podem ser destacados principalmente a melhora da flexibilidade, o aumento da força muscular 10 e, possivelmente, do trofismo (espessura) muscular, uma vez que existe relação positiva entre a força e hipertrofia 11 . Sua prática vem ficando a cada dia mais popular, embora as evidências científicas sobre o método ainda sejam escassas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito do pilates sobre a flexibilidade do tronco e as medidas ultrassonográficas dos músculos abdominais

Siqueira

Alencar

Oliveira

et al. 2015

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMOIntrodução: a Pilates consiste em um método de treinamento físico e mental que trabalha a flexibilidade e a força muscular. Esse método prioriza fortalecer o conjunto de músculos responsável pelo controle de tronco, chamado de Powerhouse e, consequentemente, aumentar o trofismo dos músculos abdominais (reto do abdome, oblíquo interno e externo, transverso do abdome), glúteos, músculos do períneo e paravertebrais lombares. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do método Pilates sobre o trofismo do grupamento abdominal e na flexibilidade do tronco, comparado à aplicação de uma técnica tradicional de fortalecimento dos músculos abdominais e alongamentos estáticos em mulheres saudáveis. Métodos: treze mulheres sedentárias e saudáveis na faixa etária entre 18 e 25 anos foram submetidas a 10 sessões de Pilates (grupo Pilates, n = 6) e 10 sessões de alongamento e fortalecimento tradicionais (grupo controle, n = 7). Antes e após as intervenções, o trofismo da musculatura abdominal das voluntárias foi avaliado através do ultrassom e a flexibilidade do tronco através do flexímetro. Resultados: no grupo Pilates, após a intervenção, houve um aumento significativo das medidas ultrassonográficas do reto do abdome, da amplitude da rotação para direita e esquerda e da inclinação da coluna vertebral para a esquerda. No grupo controle, observou-se melhora apenas na rotação para a esquerda. Conclusão: o número de sessões pode ter sido insuficiente para que ocorresse aumento do trofismo de todos os músculos avaliados e da flexibilidade do tronco. É importante investir em pesquisas sobre Pilates, especialmente com a utilização de métodos de imagem mais acurados.Palavras-chave: fisioterapia, ultrassom, abdome, técnicas de exercício e de movimento. ABSTRACT Introduction: Pilates is a method of physical and mental training that works on flexibility and muscle strength. This method prioritizes strengthening the set of muscles responsible for trunk control, called Powerhouse, and thereby increase the trophysm of the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, internal and external oblique, transversus abdominis), gluteus, perineal and lumbar paraspinal muscles. Objective: to evaluate the effect of the Pilates method on the trophysm of abdominal and trunk flexibility compared to the application of a traditional

show abstract

Effect on performance of learning a pilates skill with or without a mirror

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

The Effects of Either a Mirror, Internal or External Focus Instructions on Single and Multi-Joint Tasks

The Effects of Either a Mirror, Internal or External Focus Instructions on Single and Multi-Joint Tasks

Pilates: What Is It? Should It Be Used in Rehabilitation?

Efeito do pilates sobre a flexibilidade do tronco e as medidas ultrassonográficas dos músculos abdominais

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About