Chikungunya fever has become an important public health problem in countries where epidemics occur because half of the cases progress to chronic, persistent and debilitating arthritis. Literature data on specific therapies at the various phases of arthropathy caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection are limited, lacking quality randomized trials assessing the efficacies of different therapies. There are a few studies on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations of chikungunya fever, but these studies have important methodological limitations. The data currently available preclude conclusions favorable or contrary to specific therapies, or an adequate comparison between the different drugs used. The objective of this study was to develop recommendations for the treatment of chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed via evidence-based selection of articles in the databases Medline, SciELO, PubMed and Embase and conference proceedings abstracts, in addition to expert opinions to support decision-making in defining recommendations. The Delphi method was used to define the degrees of agreement in 2 face-to-face meetings and several online voting rounds. This study is part 2 of the Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia - SBR) for the Diagnosis and Treatment of chikungunya fever and specifically addresses treatment.

Chikungunya fever has become a relevant public health problem in countries where epidemics occur. Until 2013, only imported cases occurred in the Americas, but in October of that year, the first cases were reported in Saint Marin island in the Caribbean. The first autochthonous cases were confirmed in Brazil in September 2014; until epidemiological week 37 of 2016, 236,287 probable cases of infection with Chikungunya virus had been registered, 116,523 of which had serological confirmation. Environmental changes caused by humans, disorderly urban growth and an ever-increasing number of international travelers were described as the factors responsible for the emergence of large-scale epidemics. Clinically characterized by fever and joint pain in the acute stage, approximately half of patients progress to the chronic stage (beyond 3 months), which is accompanied by persistent and disabling pain. The aim of the present study was to formulate recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Chikungunya fever in Brazil. A literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed databases to ground the decisions for recommendations. The degree of concordance among experts was established through the Delphi method, involving 2 in-person meetings and several online voting rounds. In total, 25 recommendations were formulated and divided into 3 thematic groups: (1) clinical, laboratory and imaging diagnosis; (2) special situations; and (3) treatment. The first 2 themes are presented in part 1, and treatment is presented in part 2.

Analysis of depression in elderly living in the shelter "Christ the Redeemer", applying the Scale of Geriatric Depression (SGD) Resumo

High-heeled shoes in adolescents can lead to the development of postural disorders, among which stands out the forward head posture, lumbar hyperlordosis, pelvic anteversion, and knee valgus. The height and width of the heels are characteristics that exert most influence in the emergence of postural changes and body imbalance.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade é um distúrbio nutricional que pode desencadear inúmeras disfunções no aparelho locomotor, particularmente na coluna vertebral. O acúmulo de gordura no abdômen do indivíduo obeso predispõe o aparecimento de alterações posturais, associadas a um risco de disfunção na musculatura estabilizadora da coluna, concorrendo para o surgimento da instabilidade nesse segmento. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo, realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre alterações posturais da coluna e o diagnóstico e tratamento da instabilidade segmentar vertebral no indivíduo obeso. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se como fonte de pesquisa as bases de dados MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE e SciELO e os seguintes descritores: obesidade, gordura abdominal, estabilização, coluna vertebral e postura. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2010 e indexados nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: A partir da análise da produção foi possível constatar que os obesos têm uma predisposição para o aparecimento de alterações posturais, principalmente a hiperlordose lombar, e para o desenvolvimento de instabilidade na coluna, decorrente da deposição do tecido adiposo no abdômen. Além disso, também foi possível perceber que a unidade pressórica de biofeedback é um dispositivo barato, prático e útil, que pode ser utilizado tanto na avaliação quanto no tratamento da instabilidade do indivíduo obeso e que a técnica de estabilização segmentar vertebral (ESV) favorece o treinamento específico dos músculos multífidos e transverso do abdômen, permitindo a restauração da estabilidade lombar, melhora da postura e alívio da sintomatologia dolorosa que acomete a coluna desses indivíduos.

Background:Central and peripheral mechanisms may be involved in migraine and tension-type headache pathogenesis, however the role of muscle disorders in their pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Objectives:To assess the association between the presence of migraine or tension-type headache and changes in longus colli muscle dimensions and sternocleidomastoid muscle activity. Method:An observational study with 48 women comparing the following groups: migraine (n=21), tension-type headache (n=16), and control (n=11). The cross-sectional area, lateral and anteroposterior dimensions, and shape ratio of the longus colli muscle were measured using ultrasound. The activation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was assessed by signal amplitude and the decline in median frequency using surface electromyographic analysis. Results:The dimensions of the longus colli muscle did not differ between groups (p>0.05). Post-test analysis showed lower sternocleidomastoid muscle activation on both sides, at the onset of contraction, in the group with tension-type headache when compared to the control group {right sternocleidomastoid [tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.30-0.49); control: 0.58 (0.42-0.76); p=0.026] and left sternocleidomastoid [tension-type headache: 0.39 (0.31-0.48); control: 0.60 (0.42-0.79); p=0.039], Tukey's post hoc test}. There was no difference between the three groups in sternocleidomastoid muscle activation, on both sides, at the end of contraction (p>0.05). Intergroup analysis showed no difference in the rate of decline in median frequency (p>0.05). Conclusion:The group with tension-type headache exhibited less activation at the onset of sternocleidomastoid muscle contraction. No association was observed between the presence of headache and alterations in longus colli muscle dimensions, median frequency, and sternocleidomastoid muscle activation at the end of contraction.