Effect of ω3 Fatty Acids on the Growth Rate of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdnerii

Lee, D. J.; Roehm, J. N.; Yu, T. C.; Sinnhuber, R. O.

doi:10.1093/jn/92.1.93

Cited by 95 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, it is not clear why a negative effect on egg incubation-was reported in trout, although no changes were observed in the liver and egg polar lipid composition (Watanabe et al, 1984c). Furthermore, our results show that early (n-3) fatty acid deficiency caused a high larval mortality, as reported by Lee et al (1967) and Yu and Sinnhuber (1975) Nous pouvons en conclure que les acides gras (n-3) et particulièrement les acides gras 22:6 (n-3) jouent un rôle prépondérant dans le développement embryonnaire de la truite.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Preferential incorporation and bioconversion of ingested (n-3) fatty acids have already been observed in trout Sinnhuber, 1975, 1976 ;Lee et al, 1967 ;Watanabe, 1982 ;L6ger et al, 1981a). Similar compositions of polar lipids have been seen in the liver of rainbow trout fed a commercial diet (Watanabe et a/., 1984a), but higher (n-3)/n-6) ratios were observed when only 18-3 (n-3) or (n-3) HPUFA was incorporated into the basal diets (Takeuchi and Watanabe, 1982 ;Castell et al, 1972a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Castell et al (1972a,b,c) described several deficiency symptoms and physiological changes leading to the concept that the linolenic acid familty is essential to trout. Early biochemical studies combined with growth and mortality observations (Lee et al, 1967) (Yu and Sinnhuber, 1972, 1976Watanabe et al, 1974a,b) Watanabe, 1976, 1977 ;Yu and Sinnhuber, 1972). In addition to growth studies, data on the physiological symptoms of EFA deficiency in trout include several processes such as necrosis of caudal fins, dermal depigmentation, increased water content, shock syndrome, increased mitochondrial swelling and heart myopathy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Leray¹,

Nonnotte²,

Roubaud³

et al. 1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. A feeding experiment was conducted on rainbow trout broodstock for one year to investigate the influence of the quality of dietary lipids on egg and fry fatty acid composition, embryonic development and hatching efficiency. The broodstock were fed either a commercial control diet or a (n-3) fatty acid-deficient diet ; their liver, eggs and fry were analysed to determine the fatty acid composition of their neutral and polar lipids. The fatty acid pattern in liver, eggs and fry was markedly different due to the qualitative difference of the dietary lipids. The most striking difference was the low amount of 22:6 (n-3) and the high levels of 20:4 (n-6) and 22:5 (n-6) in phospholipids of fish receiving the (n-3)-deficient diet containing a high level of 18:2 (n-6). While fertilization efficiency was equivalent in the first two days of development, whatever the diet, two peaks of mortality were observed, one at day 8 and the other at day 22 after fertilization, during the time the eggs produced by the deficient fish were incubated. A shorter period of vitellus resorption (50 vs 65 day) was observed in (n-3)-deficient alevins as compared to controls.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Leray¹,

Nonnotte²,

Roubaud³

et al. 1985

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…The duration of exposure effect was less marked, but was significant in experiments 5,6, and 7 (P < 0.05). The duration of exposure-concentration interaction was not significant in any experiment.…”

Section: Tcdd Recovery In Static Water Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 81%

“…TCDD, to 49%o saturation in acetone, was added to the oil base of a casein-dextrose-herring oil fish food, slightly modified from Lee et al (6). Acetone was removed from the oil by vacuum evaporation, leaving an average of 0.3%o acetone in.the dry fish food.…”

Section: Environmental Health Perspectives Chronic Oral Toxicity Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in Aquatic Organisms

Miller¹,

Norris²,

Hawkes³

1973

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Trout hepatoma: Fibrosis and lymphocytosis as suppressive mechanisms in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Wales

Sinnhuber

1973

Anat. Rec.

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Fibrosis and lymphocytosis are common in aflatoxin-induced hepatoma in rainbow trout. It is suggested that these reactions may control the growth of tumors and in some cases destroy them. Nearly all of the hepatomas we have observed are fibrotic to some extent. The extent of the fibrosis seems to be age dependent and in advanced cases fibrosis appears to have disorganized the tumors t o a degree which we believe is suppressive. The lymphocytosis shows a negative correlation with the size and age of the hepatoma, being found almost exclusively in the very "early" (small) hepatomas and preneoplastic nodules. It is suggested that the invasion of the tumors by lymphocytes is a host defense mechanism.Infiltration of hepatomas in the rainbow trout by ductal tissue components (fibrosis) and by lymphocytes has been described by a number of workers (Haddow and Blake, '33; Cudkowicz and Scolari, '55; Nigrelli and Jakowska, '61; Wood and Larson, '61; Rucker et al., '61; Hueper and Payne, '61; Ghittino and Ceretto, '62; Ashley and Halver, '63; Scarpelli et al., '63; Ashley, '69; Wales, '70; Ashley, '70). Although these workers have mentioned the presence of either or both tissues in trout hepatomas, they have not discussed their importance in controlling the growth or causing the regression of tumors. Hellstrom and Hellstrom ('69) have reviewed the subject of lymphocytic antagonism to tumor cells. The body of literature concerned with host immune reaction in neoplasia is already large and growing rapidly, but apparently there have been no published reports of this phenomenon in trout hepatoma. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe brood stock of Mt. Shasta "strain" rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) maintained in our laboratory has been found to be more sensitive to aflatoxin-induced hepatoma than any other animal tested. of carcinogens and cocarcinogens have been tested under a wide variety of experimental conditions and in conjunction with many dietary modifications (Sinnhuber et al., '68). Large numbers of hepatomas can be produced by feeding any nutritionally balanced trout diet to which has been added aflatoxin B1 at levels within the range of 4 to 20 parts per billion (ppb). The carcinogen is added to the diet as soon as possible after feeding starts. Hepatomas may reach macroscopic size in four months although this is temperature-dependent and in water averaging 12" C large numbers of hepatomas are rarely obtained in less than six months. Livers containing hepatomas are routinely fixed in Bouin's fluid, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Masson's triple stain is occasionally used to emphasize the connective tissue in fibrotic tumors.In the course of this work, a very large number of hepatomas has been examined. Certain carcinogenic diets produce as many as 100 tumors in a single liver, ranging from microscopic size to more than 8 cm in diameter. Unfortunately the observations of fibrosis and lymphocytosis are difficult to treat statistically. Only a rough esti- OBSERVATIONSNearly all of the neopla...

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Effect of ω3 Fatty Acids on the Growth Rate of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdnerii

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Incidence of (n-3) essential fatty acid deficiency on trout reproductive processes

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in Aquatic Organisms

Trout hepatoma: Fibrosis and lymphocytosis as suppressive mechanisms in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

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