Effect of β‐nucleating agents on crystallization and melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene

Xiao, Wenchang; Wu, Peiyi; Feng, Jiachun

doi:10.1002/app.27997

Cited by 96 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…and La 3? ion in the complex, while LIG1 and LIG2 are, respectively, a dicarboxylic acid and amide-type ligand with coordination number of m and n [19]. The detailed morphology of b-NA is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into lamellar branching of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene upon melt-stretching: WAXD and SAXS study

Liu

Liu²,

Zheng

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci

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Polymer processing generally plays a crucial role in determining the development of microstructure in the fabricated product. In this paper, isotactic polypropylene (iPP) containing 0.1 wt% b-nucleating agent was extruded via a slit die and immediately melt-stretched upon various stretching rates (SR) at the die exit. The microstructure of b-nucleated iPP samples was investigated using two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scatterings (2D-WAXD/SAXS) measurements. It is observed that, no matter what SR is, lamellar branching of b-form crystal is formed in meltstretched samples, which is scarcely reported in open literatures. A method is proposed to calculate the crystallinity of daughter lamellae in b-crystal (X b-D ). It is found that X b-D decreases with increasing SR, indicating that lamellar branching of b-form crystal is restrained by higher SR. Such case should be attributed to the denser-oriented structures (e.g., shish) induced by higher SR, leaving a confined space between adjacent-oriented structures for the growth of daughter lamellae.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insight into lamellar branching of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene upon melt-stretching: WAXD and SAXS study

Liu

Liu²,

Zheng

et al. 2014

J Mater Sci

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“…On the basis of this idea, we synthesized a series of heteronuclear dimetal complexes of lanthanum and calcium with some specific ligands that had been prepared and applied to commercial b-nucleating agent production (WBG). Our previous study 28 showed that the addition of 0.8 wt % WBG could result in the occurrence of more than 90% b form and a large increase in the crystallization rate of iPP under isothermal conditions. To further understand the nucleation effect of WBG, the crystalline structure, morphology, and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of iPP/WBG systems were investigated with wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), polar optical microscopy (POM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a novel β‐nucleating agent on the structure, morphology, and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene

Xiao

Feng

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The crystalline structure, morphology, and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with and without a novel rare earth-containing b-nucleating agent (WBG) were investigated with wideangle X-ray diffraction, polar optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. WBG could induce the formation of the b form, and a higher proportion of the b form could be obtained by the combined effect of the optimum WBG concentration and a lower cooling rate. The content of the b form could reach more than 0.90 in a 0.08 wt % WBG nucleated sample at cooling rates lower than 5 C/min. Polar optical microscopy showed that WBG led to substantial changes in both the morphological development and crystallization process of iPP. At all the studied cooling rates, the temperature at which the maximum rate of crystallization occurred was increased by [8][9][10][11] C in the presence of the nucleating agent. An analysis of the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics also revealed that the introduction of WBG significantly shortened both the apparent incubation period for crystallization and the overall crystallization time.

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“…Therefore, different nucleating agents have been used to promote this type of crystal in iPP composites. In terms of nucleating agents, there are substances that contain aromatic rings, rare earth metals (referred to as WBG), and salts from dicarboxylic acids, such as calcium salts from pimelic and suberic acids [16][17][18]; several studies have investigated the influence of polar and non-polar parts of the nucleating agent on the formation of the b-crystal [8]. Particularly, calcium salts from pimelic and suberic acids have demonstrated an extremely high & A. Almendarez-Camarillo armando@iqcelaya.itc.mx 1 Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Av.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective method for the synthesis of pimelic acid/TiO2 nanoparticles with a high capacity to nucleate β-crystals in isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

et al. 2015

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Functionalized titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanospheres with pimelic acid (TiO 2 -PA) were synthesized through a novel and effective route, where the goal was to promote a high percentage of b-crystal into a matrix of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) by the use of low amount of nucleating agent. The successful chemical attachment of pimelic acid onto the TiO 2 surface was indicated by the presence of a new band at 1575 cm -1 and an increase in the thermal stability of the PA of approximately 200°C, which were observed through infrared spectra and thermogravimetric techniques, respectively. The iPP nanocomposite was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction in order to identify b-crystals. An exothermic peak at 152°C and a diffraction peak at 2h = 16.2°confirmed the ability of the TiO 2 -PA nanoparticles to promote the b-crystal phase in the iPP nanocomposite even at low percentages (0.1 % w/w).About 85 % of b-crystal content was promoted with the TiO 2 -PA particles, that was significantly higher than the 25 % obtained by unmodified TiO 2 particles. Moreover, from visco-elastic analysis, it is evident that TiO 2 -PA particles help to improve the dissipation energy by effect of the promoted b-crystal phase in the polymer composites. Likewise, the AFM images provide evidence of the incompatibility of TiO 2 particles with the iPP matrix showing protruding reliefs in comparison with the homogeneous topography of the iPP/TiO 2 -PA composite. This results were confirmed by SEM, where the exclusion of TiO 2 particles was evident.

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Effect of β‐nucleating agents on crystallization and melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene

Cited by 96 publications

References 46 publications

New insight into lamellar branching of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene upon melt-stretching: WAXD and SAXS study

New insight into lamellar branching of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene upon melt-stretching: WAXD and SAXS study

Influence of a novel β‐nucleating agent on the structure, morphology, and nonisothermal crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene

Effective method for the synthesis of pimelic acid/TiO2 nanoparticles with a high capacity to nucleate β-crystals in isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

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