Effect of ZnO and NiO Modified HZSM-5 Catalyst for Ethanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons

Abstract

Abstract-A series of NiO/ZnO/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method with varying ZnO loading ranging from 0-2 wt% and keeping 4 wt% NiO loading constant. It was found that the ZnO/NiO modified HZSM-5 catalyst was highly active and selective towards ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons at 410 °C, WHSV = 3.5 hr -1 and pressure = 1 atm. A comparison has been done to study conversion and yield of different wt% of ZnO/NiO over HZSM-5 catalyst. The performance of catalysts was evaluated by conducting experimental run in fixed bed reactor under identical conditions. The major products of the reaction were methane, ethylene, propylene, ethylmethyl ether, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene, isopropyl benzene, ethyl toluene, and trimethyl benzene and tetra methylbenzene.It was observed that ZnO and NiO modified HZSM-5 reduces the rate of deactivation of catalyst. It was also observed that 1.5 wt% ZnO/4 wt% NiO/ HZSM-5 catalyst was highly reactive for ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons. In addition HZ (1.5 Zn/4 Ni) modified catalyst suppressed the coke deposition without affecting product yield and conversion.Index Terms-Ethanol, HZSM-5, catalyst deactivation, doping with NiO and ZnO.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnO/ZSM-5 as catalyst in the cracking process of palm methyl esters

“…This is like the XRD pattern reported by Zhao for the peak of Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts [11]. The other studies also showed a peak at 2θ=23° for the peak of ZnO/ZSM-5 catalysts [6,23,24]. The main peak of each catalyst is ZZ (I) was obtained at 2θ=23.04°, 2θ=23.27° and 2θ=23.9°, then the ZZ (II) catalyst was obtained at 2θ=23.07°, 2θ=23.29°, and 2θ=23.93°.…”

“…The catalyst surface area decreases as the amount of ZnO in catalyst increases. This may be due to metal oxide particles (ZnO) covering part of the surface of the catalyst so that the results of calculations by the tool show that the surface area of the catalyst is getting smaller [23,24]. This can be seen in the ZZ (III) catalyst which contains the most ZnO than other catalyst but has the smallest area (SBET = 188.490 m2/g).…”

“…Each catalyst was synthesized with a different weight percent ZnCl 2 (16 wt% -25 wt%). This catalyst is synthesized using zinc nitrate as a precursor for zinc [5][6][7][22][23][24]. It is different in this study, ZnCl 2 was chosen as a precursor because it is cheaper and widely available.…”

“…These metals include nickel, cuprum, zinc, platinum, paladium and aurum [1,4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Not only that, several metal oxides (such as ZnO, NiO, CuO, PbO, MgO, and others) are also applied to zeolite catalysts to determine their performance in various processes that produce biofuels [5][6][7][22][23][24]. Although metal oxide catalysts such as ZnO show good performance, their powder form tends to be released in the reaction mixture.…”

“…The results showed that the catalyst was able to reduce the formation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and coke and increase the amount of gas yield. Furthermore, Abdullah has reported his research on the conversion of alcohol to hydrocarbons using the synthetic zeolite catalyst modified with ZnO/NiO [24]. The study results show that this catalyst has high activity and stability against ethanol conversion and hydrocarbon yield and prevents coke formation.…”