Effect of zearalenone on circulating testosterone concentration, testicular and epididymal morphology and epididymal sperm characteristics in wild boars
“…Zearalenone has been found to be toxic to male reproductive functions especially spermatogenesis process . Our previous study demonstrated that exposure to low‐dose ZEA (lower than NOEL) diminished semen quality, disrupted spermatogenesis and increased germ cell DNA‐DSBs .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zearalenone (ZEA), a F‐2 mycotoxin produced by Fusarium , has been found to be an endocrine disruptor through oestrogen receptor signalling pathway to impair the reproductive systems . It has been found that ZEA can damage both female and male reproductive systems in different animal models and also the adverse effects can be transgenerational to the future generations …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ZEA exposure diminished spermatogenic cells and increased DNA double‐stand break (DSB) in spermatogenic cells . There are a few mechanisms that have been proposed for ZEA‐induced toxicity in male reproductive systems . Acting as an oestrogen‐like compound, ZEA can bind to oestrogen receptor which results in damage to germ cells and testicular structure .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 There are a few mechanisms that have been proposed for ZEA-induced toxicity in male reproductive systems. 5,8,11 Acting as an oestrogen-like compound, ZEA can bind to oestrogen receptor which results in damage to germ cells and testicular structure. 6,12,13 It has been found that the blood-testis barrier was disrupted by ZEA to cause the germ cell damage.…”
Zearalenone (ZEA), a F‐2 mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, has been found to be an endocrine disruptor through oestrogen receptor signalling pathway to impair spermatogenesis. The disruption on reproductive systems by ZEA exposure might be transgenerational. In our previous report, we have found that low dose (lower than no‐observed effect level, NOEL) of ZEA impaired mouse spermatogenesis and decreased mouse semen quality. The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the impacts of low‐dose ZEA on spermatogenesis in the offspring after prenatal exposure and the underlying mechanisms. And it demonstrated that prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure disrupted the meiosis process to inhibit the spermatogenesis in offspring and even to diminish the semen quality by the decrease in spermatozoa motility and concentration. The DNA methylation marker 5hmC was decreased, the histone methylation markers H3K9 and H3K27 were elevated, and oestrogen receptor alpha was reduced in the offspring testis after prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure. The data suggest that the disruption in spermatogenesis by prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure may be through the modifications on epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation and histone methylation) and the interactions with oestrogen receptor signalling pathway. Moreover, in the current study, the male offspring were indirectly exposed to low‐dose ZEA through placenta and the spermatogenesis in offspring was disrupted which suggested that the toxicity of ZEA on reproductive systems was very severe. Therefore, we strongly recommend that greater attention should be paid to this mycotoxin to minimize its adverse impact on human spermatogenesis.
“…Zearalenone has been found to be toxic to male reproductive functions especially spermatogenesis process . Our previous study demonstrated that exposure to low‐dose ZEA (lower than NOEL) diminished semen quality, disrupted spermatogenesis and increased germ cell DNA‐DSBs .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zearalenone (ZEA), a F‐2 mycotoxin produced by Fusarium , has been found to be an endocrine disruptor through oestrogen receptor signalling pathway to impair the reproductive systems . It has been found that ZEA can damage both female and male reproductive systems in different animal models and also the adverse effects can be transgenerational to the future generations …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ZEA exposure diminished spermatogenic cells and increased DNA double‐stand break (DSB) in spermatogenic cells . There are a few mechanisms that have been proposed for ZEA‐induced toxicity in male reproductive systems . Acting as an oestrogen‐like compound, ZEA can bind to oestrogen receptor which results in damage to germ cells and testicular structure .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 There are a few mechanisms that have been proposed for ZEA-induced toxicity in male reproductive systems. 5,8,11 Acting as an oestrogen-like compound, ZEA can bind to oestrogen receptor which results in damage to germ cells and testicular structure. 6,12,13 It has been found that the blood-testis barrier was disrupted by ZEA to cause the germ cell damage.…”
Zearalenone (ZEA), a F‐2 mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, has been found to be an endocrine disruptor through oestrogen receptor signalling pathway to impair spermatogenesis. The disruption on reproductive systems by ZEA exposure might be transgenerational. In our previous report, we have found that low dose (lower than no‐observed effect level, NOEL) of ZEA impaired mouse spermatogenesis and decreased mouse semen quality. The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the impacts of low‐dose ZEA on spermatogenesis in the offspring after prenatal exposure and the underlying mechanisms. And it demonstrated that prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure disrupted the meiosis process to inhibit the spermatogenesis in offspring and even to diminish the semen quality by the decrease in spermatozoa motility and concentration. The DNA methylation marker 5hmC was decreased, the histone methylation markers H3K9 and H3K27 were elevated, and oestrogen receptor alpha was reduced in the offspring testis after prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure. The data suggest that the disruption in spermatogenesis by prenatal low‐dose ZEA exposure may be through the modifications on epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation and histone methylation) and the interactions with oestrogen receptor signalling pathway. Moreover, in the current study, the male offspring were indirectly exposed to low‐dose ZEA through placenta and the spermatogenesis in offspring was disrupted which suggested that the toxicity of ZEA on reproductive systems was very severe. Therefore, we strongly recommend that greater attention should be paid to this mycotoxin to minimize its adverse impact on human spermatogenesis.
“…Also, inhibiting the gene expression caused by zearalenone produced severe hepatic illness. Zearalenone has been shown to be immunotoxin and hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic and an enhancer of lipid peroxidation [19,23].…”
The genus Fusarium is a group of fungi producing several types of toxins with toxicological effect in both humans and animals. Such fungi are commonly found in soils so it can contaminate various types of crops, preferably cereals, leading to significant economic losses. Relative humidity, storage temperature and various handling in cereales increase the possibility of contamination by Fusarium toxins. Cereals naturally have secondary metabolites that may help attenuate contamination by these toxins, but it is necessary to know strategies and mechanisms that generate inactivation mycotoxins. This chapter reviews relevant information about cereal mycotoxin contamination, as well as the production of cereal secondary metabolites as a strategy to reduce the possibility of mycotoxin contamination.
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