Fusarium Mycotoxins and Metabolites that Modulate Their Production

Abstract

The genus Fusarium is a group of fungi producing several types of toxins with toxicological effect in both humans and animals. Such fungi are commonly found in soils so it can contaminate various types of crops, preferably cereals, leading to significant economic losses. Relative humidity, storage temperature and various handling in cereales increase the possibility of contamination by Fusarium toxins. Cereals naturally have secondary metabolites that may help attenuate contamination by these toxins, but it is necessary to know strategies and mechanisms that generate inactivation mycotoxins. This chapter reviews relevant information about cereal mycotoxin contamination, as well as the production of cereal secondary metabolites as a strategy to reduce the possibility of mycotoxin contamination.

Zinc-Based Nanomaterials for Diagnosis and Management of Plant Diseases: Ecological Safety and Future Prospects

“…Likewise, various species of another ascomycetous fungus, Penicillium (sexual stage name: Eupenicillium ), synthesizes and secretes a variety of secondary molecules considered as mycotoxins such as penicillic acid, brevianamide A, griseofulvin, patulin, citreoviridin, citrinin, roquefortine, cyclopiazonic acid, PR-toxin, fumitremorgin B, penitrem A, luteoskyrin, ochratoxin A, rugulosin, verrucosidin, verruculogen, viridicarumtoxin, and xanthomegnin [ 153 , 154 ]. Ascomycetous member belonging to order Hypocreales, Fusarium , produces trichothecenes (including fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and diacetoxyscirpenol) besides fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin [ 155 ]. Alkaloids of Claviceps sp.…”

Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Verticillioidesassociated with Maize Grains in India

“…F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, and F. proliferatum are the predominant species that infect maize, rice, wheat etc., and cause vascular wilt, head blight, root rot, stem canker and plant death [8][9][10]. F. verticillioides is a dominant species, thus affecting the yield, nutritional value, and quality of the grains [11,12]. Fusarium species contaminate stored grains, fruits, cereals, nuts and produce numerous mycotoxins [13][14][15].…”

“…Microsatellite ngerprint differentiates closely related species complexity, genetic diversity, genome mapping, and evolutionary lineages [25,11]. lcial (SID) index alpha (TeThe food and feed matrices contaminated with multi mycotoxins, which can be identi ed using multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection in a single analysis [26].…”

Alternativas Sustentáveis Para O Manejo De Fungos E Insetos De Armazenamento Em Grãos De Milho Para a Agricultura Familiar

“…As infestações de fungos muitas vezes iniciam em campo, fungos do gênero Fusarium spp. possuem a característica de alterar o sabor provocando o "grão ardido", tornando-se um problema para o consumo pela presença de micotoxinas como fumonisinas, zearalenona, vomitoxinas, entre outras, que podem causar danos à saúde (CASELA;FERREIRA;PINTO, 2006;JIMENEZ-GARCIA et al, 2018). O gênero Aspergillus representa um dos diversos gêneros de fungos patogênicos que causam perdas na pré e pós-colheita de grãos de milho, com aproximadamente 200 espécies que produzem metabólitos secundários que, além de causar a…”