Effect of yohimbine on amitraz‐induced CNS depression and bradycardia in dogs

Hsu, Walter H.; Hopper, David L.

doi:10.1080/15287398609530882

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results obtained in this investigation showed that the administration of 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine or their combination was appropriate to reverse the xylazine-induced bradycardia, bradypnoea and ruminal atony. Similar results were also obtained in cattle 12 and in sheep 9 . At 0.88 mg/kg of xylazine, however, the combination of 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine produced only a slight improvement in the respiratory rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The antagonists, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the MST, which expresses the time required to gain full control of motor activities. Similar effects have been observed in sheep 9 , cattle 12 and llamas 21 . The reduction was greatest when yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine were combined, followed by 4-aminopyridine.…”

Section: Mst Mtrtsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This finding is in agreement with the results of other studies. For instance, in xylazinetreated sheep, yohimbine reduced the time to reappearance of the headdrooping reflex 9 . Yohimbine, 4-amino-66 0038-2809 Tydskr.S.Afr.vet.Ver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine antagonise xylazine in sheep 9 , cattle 12 , dogs 8,23 , cats 10 and some wild animals such as deer 20 and llama 21 . Both drugs reverse xylazine/ ketamine anaesthesia in goats 14 and horses 11 , xylazine/thiopental anaesthesia in goats 18 and xylazine/pentobarbital anaesthesia in horses 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversal of xylazine hydrochloride by yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine in goats

Ndeereh¹,

Mbithi²,

Kihurani³

2001

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Yohimbine, 4-aminopyridine, and a combination of the 2 drugs were studied to assess their potential as antagonists to xylazine in goats. Twenty-four small East African goats were divided randomly into 4 groups of 6 goats each in a placebo-controlled study. They were all treated with intramuscular xylazine at 0.44 mg/kg. At the time of maximum sedation, sterile water was administered intravenously to the control group, 0.15% 4-aminopyridine at 0.4mg/kg to Group 2, 0.1% yohimbine at 0.25 mg/kg to Group 3, and the combination of the 2 drugs at the same dose rates to Group 4. The yohimbine/4-amino-pyridine combination was also used to antagonise xylazine at 0.88mg/kg in 6 goats. The heart rate, respiratory rate and rate of ruminal movements, the pedal and palpebral reflexes as well as the reaction to noxious stimuli, the standing time and the total recovery time were established and evaluated to assess the effects of the treatments. The drugs reversed the xylazine-induced decrease in the heart rate, respiratory rate and rate of ruminal movements, and also rapidly restored the reflexes as well as the reaction to noxious stimulation. In addition, they significantly (P <0.05) decreased the mean standing time. The mean total recovery time was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by 4-aminopyridine and the yohimbine/4-aminopyridine combination, but non-significantly (P > 0.05) by yohimbine. No relapse in sedation occurred. Overall, the combination of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine produced better responses than the individual drugs, and may therefore be used for rapid reversal of xylazine-induced sedation in goats. Yohimbine or 4-aminopyridine may also be useful for this purpose but recovery may be prolonged.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Mst Mtrtsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The reversal of xylazine hydrochloride by yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine in goats

Ndeereh¹,

Mbithi²,

Kihurani³

2001

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…Autor para correspondência. II (FLÓRIO et al,1995) e da interação com α 2 -adrenoceptores de modo semelhante à xilazina e à clonidina (HSU & HOPPER , 1986).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Uso tópico do amitraz em concentração terapêutica em gatos

et al. 2007

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Acute effects of amitraz on the acoustic startle response and motor activity

Crofton

Boncek²,

Reiter

1989

Pestic. Sci.

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A B S T R A C TTo characterize further the behavioral toxicity of amitraz, comparisons were made betweerl the effects of umitraz on motor activity, the acoustic startle response, body temperature, and body weight in male Long-Evans rats. Acute dosage-effect and time-course determinations of motor activity were made using figure-eight mazes. Dosage-e[fect and timeecourse determinations for the acoustic startle response were measured using a 13 kHz, 120 dB(A), 40 ms tone as the eliciting stimulus, at each of three background white-noise levels (4.5, 60 and 7. 5 dB). Amitraz (0, 2.5, SO, 100 or 200 mg k g -') was administered orally in 1.0 ml kg-' of the vehicle ('Emulphor'+ethanol+ saline, 5 + 5 + 90 by volume). Amitraz produced a dosage-and time-dependent decrease in motor activity which lasted fiom 4 to 96 h post-administration. The effects of amitraz on the acoustic startle response consisted of an increased latency and a decreased amplitude and sensitization. The timecourse of effects on the acoustic startle response were more transient (4-24 h ) than the ejfects on motor activity. Amitraz-exposed animals had decreased body weight that did not return to control levels until 120 h (five days) postadministration. Amitraz administration produced a transient (4 h ) dosagedependent decrease in body temperature. The highest dosage of amitraz administered, 200 mg kg -', produced 6.5 : ( mortality within 72 h; 100 mg k gwas the lowest dosage that produced mortality (8 %). Significant behavioral effects were seen at dosages as low as 2.5-50 mg k g -' . These data provide quantitative measures of the acute effects of amitraz following oral administration on sensorylmotor systems in the rat. * The research described in this article has been reviewed by the Health Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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Effect of yohimbine on amitraz‐induced CNS depression and bradycardia in dogs

Cited by 34 publications

References 7 publications

The reversal of xylazine hydrochloride by yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine in goats

The reversal of xylazine hydrochloride by yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine in goats

Uso tópico do amitraz em concentração terapêutica em gatos

Acute effects of amitraz on the acoustic startle response and motor activity

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