Effect of yarn cross-sectional shape on resin flow through inter-yarn gaps in textile reinforcements

Endruweit, A.; Zeng, Xuesen; Matveev, Mikhail Y.; Long, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.10.020

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, for the experiment in which the injection pressure was 20 bar, the in‐plane tow buckled in the warp direction closing the intertow gaps as shown in Figure . This change in the intertow gaps can change the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of the intertow permeability . The variation of intertow gaps can largely influence the through thickness permeability, leading to nonuniform flow along the bottom surface of the mold and subsequent void formation and dry spots .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change in the intertow gaps can change the ratio between the maximum and minimum values of the intertow permeability. [30] The variation of intertow gaps can largely influence the through thickness permeability, leading to nonuniform flow along the bottom surface of the mold and subsequent void formation and dry spots. [31] This phenomenon will significantly change the flow pattern of the resin as well increasing the possibility of entrapped voids and dry spots within the mold.…”

Section: Flow Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental parametric study of flow‐induced fiber washout during high‐injection‐pressure resin transfer molding

2019

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Fiber washout during high‐injection‐pressure resin transfer molding (HIPRTM) is an unwanted emergent defect. This article addresses the mechanisms that cause fiber washout during manufacturing of composite parts by HIPRTM. The key focus of this work is on one‐dimensional flow experiments using HIPRTM process in which in‐plane drag force due to high resin pressures is responsible for the fiber washout. An experimental parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the fabric architecture, number of plies, and injection pressure to identify controllable process and material factors to prevent fiber washout. The results show that as the ratio of tangential force between the mold/ply and the drag force increases, one would expect fiber washout to occur and either cause fiber waviness or form wrinkles and dry spots. The fiber washout distances measured from the experiments were used to validate the model developed in our previous work. The numerical simulations by LIMS qualitatively agreed with the experimentally measured behavior. It is concluded that the formation of dry spot is due to the contribution of two main factors: (a) very significant permeability reduction in the wrinkled region and (b) some race‐tracking.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental parametric study of flow‐induced fiber washout during high‐injection‐pressure resin transfer molding

2019

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“…The shape of yarn section was chosen after consulting the literature and catalogs of the manufacturers of such fabrics [21]. It could be taken as an ellipse [22], [23], [24].…”

Section: The Materials Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Impact on Multiple Layers With Unidirectional Yarns

et al. 2019

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The objective of this paper is to simulate the behavior of unidirectional fabrics, as realistic as possible, in order to be able to use the model in designing impact-resistant packages. There was discussed the influence of the number of layer and the impact velocity on several characteristics as residual velocity of the projectile, its acceleration and the maximum values of von Mises stresses during the impact. Three cases were considered: one layer, two layers and four layers. For all cases, the impact velocity was varied between 100 m/s and 400 m/s, with an increment of 100 m/s, in order to simulate how the panel is damaged. The higher the impact velocity, the stressed area increases when the stress distribution is compared to the stress distribution obtained for v 0 =100 m/s to that for v 0 =300 m/s. At the highest velocity for which the simulation was run, the stressed area has diminished. For the four layer package, for lower velocities, the residual velocity has a lower percentage of the impact velocity, but at high speeds, for this package, the reduction of the residual is even lower (2.7% at v 0 =300 m/s and only 1.75% at v 0 =400 m/s).

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“…The predictive permeability modeling approaches depend on the geometric characteristics of a given porous medium. The fiber orientations, bundle shapes and dimensions, even the stitch yarn of the preform could lead to significant permeability variations [8,[13][14][15][16][17]. Hence to compute the permeability of a NCF, a detailed geometrical model of the textile is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Compaction Properties and Permeability Prediction of Multilayered Quadriaxial Non-Crimp Fabric in Liquid Composite Molding Process

et al. 2020

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A systematic experimental study was performed to detect the compaction and permeability properties of multilayered biaxial and quadriaxial preforms under vacuum pressure. Compression response on ply level showed that the degree of nesting between quadriaxial NCF was more pronounced and the nesting deformation mechanism was affected by the interaction with stitch yarns. Owing to the meso-channels in the fibrous structure and the nesting between layers, the in-plane permeability of quadriaxial NCF did not follow an inverse proportion relationship with the fiber volume fraction. To predict the in-plane permeability of multilayered quadriaxial NCFs, unit cell models at a high level of geometrical details were built, including local variations in yarn cross-sections and the nesting deformation between layers. Numerical methods were implemented, and the prediction results were in very good agreement with the experimental data. Besides, the major contributing parameters to the enhancement of the in-plane permeabilities were identified by investigating the correlation between permeability and structural parameters of quadriaxial NCF. The modeling methodology and the principles established can be applied to the design of the quadriaxial NCF fabrics, where the permeability enhancement was evidenced.

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Effect of yarn cross-sectional shape on resin flow through inter-yarn gaps in textile reinforcements

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental parametric study of flow‐induced fiber washout during high‐injection‐pressure resin transfer molding

Experimental parametric study of flow‐induced fiber washout during high‐injection‐pressure resin transfer molding

Modeling of Impact on Multiple Layers With Unidirectional Yarns

Study of Compaction Properties and Permeability Prediction of Multilayered Quadriaxial Non-Crimp Fabric in Liquid Composite Molding Process

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