Effect of X-irradiation on the formation of the puparium in the fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata

Sivasubramanian, P.; Ducoff, Howard S.; Fraenkel, G.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(74)90235-2

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is tempting to speculate that these neurosecretory substances are released posterior to median ligatures in larvae that pupariate posteriorly in view of the fact that both Ohtaki (1972) and Whitehead (1974) have shown that oxygen supply is not the limiting factor for pupariation, and both authors have shown that factors produced posterior to such ligatures are involved in pupariation. Sivasubramanian et al (1974a) have shown that X-irradiation can (L 2528) temporarily inhibit production of ecdysone anteriorly and its conversion to ecdysterone posteriorly in Sarcophaga larvae, as well as permanently inhibiting assumption of the typical puparial shape. They interpret this in terms of a neuromuscular control, in addition to neurosecretory control, of pupariation by the central nervous system.…”

Section: Pupariationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since thoracic musculature development is in progress from the seventh to the 15th day within Glossina puparia (Riordan, 1970), it seems likely that radiation-sensitivity of G. morsitans puparia between days 11 and 20 is also due to effects on musculature but that radiation-sensitive aspects of muscular development are completed earlier in the female than in the male. The difference in sensitivity to irradiation between males and females on day 23 remains unexplained, although the apparent neuromuscular control of pupariation by the central nervous system in Sarcophaga larvae, which is permanently inhibited by X-irradiation (Sivasubramanian et al, 1974a), suggests the possibility that direct damage to the central nervous system might also play a part in preventing adult emergence from irradiated puparia.…”

Section: Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Langley

1977

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Since no major review of the literature on tsetse physiology has hitherto been undertaken, relevant papers up to the beginning of 1977 are included in the present work. The physiology of Glossina is dealt with under three major headings; reproductive, developmental and nutritional events in the life of this haematophagous and viviparous insect are discussed in relation to general principles of insect physiology gained from the study of other genera. The role of adult maturation and the possible involvement of a sex pheromone in successful mating are considered. The difficulties of studying neuroendocrine function in relation to reproductive physiology in a viviparous insect, where reproductive and developmental events are not always separated chronologically, are emphasised. Nevertheless, the role of the neuroendocrine system in the control of such events as ovarian development, ovulation, parturition, pupariation and metamorphosis is considered, and the contribution that recent work on Glossina has made to an increased understanding of general principles in this field is discussed. Laboratory observations have demonstrated circadian components of behaviour in Glossina that can influence interpretation of field observations and likewise should influence the design of physiological experiments. Utilisation of nutritional reserves for larval growth and for flight activity has received considerable attention recently. The general pattern seems to be one of rapid mobilisation of blood-meal amino acids and the involvement of a large lipid reserve. The combined haematophagous and viviparous habit of Glossina has led to some interesting modifications of basic physiology particularly in regard to flight metabolism, female accessory gland function and Malpighian tubule activity. The relevance of physiological studies to current developments in the field of tsetse control is discussed and the importance of exploiting our knowledge in the quest for novel insecticidal techniques emphasised.

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Section: Pupariationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metamorphosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Langley

1977

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Studies on common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) show that irradiation suppresses gene activation that is required for ecdysone signaling and regulation, leading to delayed developmental progression (Halme et al, 2010;Sang et al, 2016b). Injection of ecdysone restores the puparium formation in irradiated larvae of Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) and gray flesh fly (Sarcophaga bullata) (Kuzin et al, 1968;Sivasubramanian et al, 1974). Feeding irradiated fruit flies with ecdysone Fecundity Y = e (A+BX) UF × IM 5.630 ± 0.009 (χ 2 = 156 511.0, P < 0.0001) -0.009 ± 0.000 (χ 2 = 17 731.2, P < 0.0001) IF × UM 5.417 ± 0.012 (χ 2 = 76 368.5, P < 0.0001) -0.023 ± 0.000 (χ 2 = 20 725.9, P < 0.0001) IF × IM 5.374 ± 0.012 (χ 2 = 67 002.9, P < 0.0001) -0.028 ± 0.000 (χ 2 = 20 846.3, P < 0.0001) Hatch rate Y = 1/ [1 + e -(A+BX) ] U F× IM 2.005 ± 0.383 (χ 2 = 36.9, P < 0.0001) -0.015 ± 0.003 (χ 2 = 30.3, P < 0.0001) IF × UM 1.131 ± 0.423 (χ 2 = 8.4, P = 0.0038) -0.071 ± 0.015 (χ 2 = 55.7, P < 0.0001) IF × IM 1.149 ± 0.426 (χ 2 = 8.5, P = 0.0035) -0.082 ± 0.018 (χ 2 = 59.1, P < 0.0001) UF, untreated female; UM, untreated male; IF, irradiated female; IM, irradiated male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious effects of electron beam irradiation on development and reproduction of tomato/potato psyllids, Bactericera cockerelli

et al. 2019

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The potato/tomato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli causes serious damage to several solanaceous crops by direct feeding and vectoring Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, a bacterial pathogen. Electron beam (eBeam) irradiation is an environmentally friendly, chemical-free alternative method that is increasing in use for disinfestation of insect pests. We hypothesize that this irradiation technology will have detrimental effects on potato psyllid and thus impede its disease vectoring. To this end, we explored the effects of eBeam treatment ranging from 50 to 500 Gy on survival, development and reproduction of this pest. Impact on psyllids was apparently dose-dependent. When irradiated at 350 Gy, eggs could not hatch, 1st instar nymphs failed to emerge, and although a small portion of irradiated 5th instar nymphs survived, the emerged adults were mostly deformed. Abnormality in eclosed adults suggests harmful effects of eBeam on metamorphosis. Reproduction was seriously impaired when female psyllids were exposed to eBeam at the 5th instar nymphal or young adult stage, presumably due to inability to form oocytes. In addition, reciprocal crosses between irradiated and untreated psyllids indicated that female psyllids were more radiosensitive than males to eBeam. Taken together, these findings indicate that eBeam negatively impacted potato psyllid development and reproduction, which would inevitably compromise its disease transmission capacity. A dose of 350 Gy can be considered as a reference dose for effective control of potato psyllids.

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“…Owing to its complexity, the system is rather vulnerable to various physical and chemical influences. The former include extreme temperatures (unpublished observations), electrical stimulation [4], y-irradiation [5], and microwave irradiation [6,7]. Chemical effectors include paralytic agents, neuromuscular stimulators, contact insecticides, tanning-inhibiting drugs [l], animal venoms [8], compounds interfering with deposition of the cuticle [9], and high doses of ecdysteroids [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupariation in flies: A tool for monitoring effects of drugs, venoms, and other neurotoxic compounds

Žďárek¹,

Fraenkel²

1987

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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A complex Sarcophaga bullata pupariation assay was used to evaluate the neurotropic effects of several drugs, venoms, and insecticides. The assay consists of tests for 1) immediate effects on the intact larva, 2) effects on ligated (ie, isolated from the central nervous system) larval abdomens, 3) morphogenetic effects on the puparium, and 4) effects on stereotyped pupariation behavior. The latter are monitored barographically by recording changes in hemocoelic pressure. Of 62 compounds screened, 18 showed Agents that paralyze neuromuscular systems at the peripheral level (eg, tetrodotoxin), or suppress or modify basic motor patterns centrally (eg, veratrine sulphate), cause retention of larval morphological characters in the puparium. Compounds that stimulate convulsive contractions of segmental musculature (mostly cholinergic drugs like eserine sulphate, nicotine, organophosphate insecticides) cause retention of larval segmentation on longitudinally contracted puparia. Five compounds (venom of the scorpion, Leirus quinquestriatus, pyrethrins, protoveratrine A, and kainic and quisqualic acids) stimulate musculature of the denervated abdomen. Barographic monitoring of changes in pupariation behavior appears to be a most sensitive and informative test. It reveals great differences in the ways in which compounds producing seemingly identical morphogenetic effects affect and modify behavior, thus making pharmacological classification more accurate.Abbreviations: CNS = central nervous system; GABA = y-amino butyric acid; TEPP = tetraethylpyrophosphate; TTX = tetrodotoxin.

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Effect of X-irradiation on the formation of the puparium in the fleshfly, Sarcophaga bullata

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Physiology of tsetse flies (Glossinaspp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): a review

Deleterious effects of electron beam irradiation on development and reproduction of tomato/potato psyllids, Bactericera cockerelli

Pupariation in flies: A tool for monitoring effects of drugs, venoms, and other neurotoxic compounds

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