Effect of Wheat Dietary Fiber Particle Size during Digestion In Vitro on Bile Acid, Faecal Bacteria and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Content

Abstract

The influence of bile acid concentration on the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria was demonstrated. Exposing these bacteria to the environment containing bile acid salts, and very poor in nutrients, leads to the disappearance of these microorganisms due to the toxic effect of bile acids. A multidimensional analysis of data in the form of principal component analysis indicated that lactic acid bacteria bind bile acids and show antagonistic effect on E. coli spp. bacteria. The growth in E. coli spp. population was accompanied by a decline in the population of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. with a simultaneous reduction in the concentration of bile acids. This is direct proof of acid binding ability of the tested lactic acid bacteria with respect to cholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. This research demonstrated that the degree of fineness of wheat dietary fibre does not affect the sorption of bile acids and growth of some bacteria species; however, it has an impact on the profile of synthesized short-chained fatty acids. During the digestion of a very fine wheat fibre fraction (WF 90), an increase in the concentration of propionic and butyric acids, as compared with the wheat fiber fraction of larger particles - WF 500, was observed. Our study suggested that wheat fibre did not affect faecal bacteria growth, however, we observed binding of bile acids by Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11130-016-0537-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Interactions between fecal bacteria, bile acids and components of tomato pomace

“…The digestive process (30 g of sample) was carried out according to Dziedzic et al ( 2015 ; 2016 ) The size of the reaction tank was modified (1 L). The environment of the stomach, small and large intestine was reproduced as closely as possible (Ulleberg et al, 2011 ) with its pH and enzymes i.e.…”

“…The content of TDF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was analyzed using the enzymatic method (Dziedzic et al, 2016 ). The following enzymes were used: thermostable α-amylase (Termamyl 120 L, pH 6.0, 90 °C, 15 min.…”

“…The content of neutral dietary fiber (NDF), consisting of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (L), was determined using the detergent method, previously used by Dziedzic et al ( 2016 ). Thermostable α-amylase was used to digest starch.…”

“…TP can also be an excellent source for the production of some prebiotics because of its nutritive value for microbial growth (Del Valle et al, 2006 ). In literature, there is a lack of evidence of the role of food products enriched with dietary fibre fractions obtained from tomato pomace in stimulation or retardation of fecal bacteria growth, and the ability of fecal bacteria in the management of bile salts and bile acids (Dziedzic et al, 2016 ). Begley et al ( 2005 ) described that E. coli is considered to be very bile resistant and can be isolate from gallbladder and bile of humans.…”

Effects of Short-Term Intake of Wheat Bran with Different Particle Sizes on the Murine Intestinal Environment

“…It has been reported that long-term intake of wheat bran induces SCFA production and inhibits colon carcinogenesis in mice (for 33 weeks), and reduces the risk of diabetes in rats (16 weeks) (Takahashi et al, 1999;Numan and Rabah, 2015). Other studies have shown that SCFA production is increased in vitro by fermentation of fecal bacteria using wheat bran with smaller-size particle (90 μm of diameter) rather than larger-size particle (500 μm) (Dziedzic et al, 2016), but no such production was observed in the cases of particle sizes of 551 μm and 1,239 μm in vitro (Stewart and Slavin, 2009). However, the benefits of shortterm intake of wheat bran and the in vivo effects of particle-size differences remain unclear.…”