Effect of weight loss on C3 and C4 components of complement in obese patients

Hernández‐Mijares, Antonio; Bañuls, Celia; Bellod, Lorena; Jover, A; Solá, Eva; Morillas, Carlos; Víctor, Víctor M.; Rocha, Milagros

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02606.x

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, C3 and ASP are increased in individuals with excess adiposity and with obesity [64]. Another study found that patients with BMI>35 kg/m2 took six weeks of very low calorie diet (VLCD), and it was observed circulating levels of C3 and BMI decreased [56]. Both of these confirm our speculation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Underweight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Function Deterioration in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Xie

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Studies on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and renal progression in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) were limited, especially for underweight patients with IgAN. To elucidate the clinical features and effect of underweight on renal function deterioration in this disease, we recruited IgAN patients with diagnostic age ≥18 years old and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥15 ml/min/1.73m2 from our center between 1985 and 2014. Patients secondary to systemic diseases or follow-up less than 6 months were excluded. All patients’ clinical data at renal biopsy and during follow-up were recorded. Renal outcome was defined as end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). Baseline body mass index (BMI) was calculated by weight (kg) over squared height (m2). According to WHO Asian guideline, BMI was categorized as follows: <18.5kg/m2 (underweight), 18.5–22.99kg/m2 (normal weight), 23–27.49kg/m2 (overweight) and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2). Of 930 primary IgAN patients enrolled in this study, mean age at renal biopsy was 37.6 years and 49.2% were men. Totally, 114 (12.3%) ESRD occurred after a mean follow-up of 47.1 months. More ESRD happened in underweight patients (17.3%) compared to patients with normal weight (13.2%), overweight (11.0%) or obesity (9.5%). By multivariate Cox regression analysis, underweight was independently associated with a higher risk of ESRD after adjustment for demographic characteristics and clinical variables (HR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.3–9.5, P = 0.01) comparing to normal weight. Underweight patients had lower hemoglobin, serum uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol and lymphocyte counts than patients with normal weight. Furthermore, BMI was positively correlated with serum C3 (r = 0.25, p <0.001). Our research finds that underweight is an independent risk factor for kidney disease progression in IgAN, which might be associated with malnutrition status and decreased C3 levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It is well known that nutritional status is important for maintaining normal immune function. Worse nutrition status marked by a lower BMI will potentially lead to immune dysfunction including a decreased serum level of C3 [56]. Hence, we attempted to investigate the possible regulatory mechanisms between BMI and C3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underweight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Function Deterioration in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Xie

Yang

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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“…This may to some extent be interpreted as simple confounding since abdominal obesity is a known determinant of both IR and plasma C3 levels (3,(41)(42)(43). However, the relationship of waist circumference with C3 is not straightforward, because abdominal obesity may also be considered an ascending proxy in the causal pathway between C3 and IR (Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Factor 3 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Over a 7-Year Follow-up Period: The CODAM Study

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVEImmune dysregulation can affect insulin resistance (IR) and b-cell function and hence contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The complement system, as a regulator of immune and inflammatory homeostasis, may be a relevant contributor therein. However, longitudinal studies focusing on complement as a determinant of T2DM and IR are scarce. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the association of plasma complement factor 3 (C3) with (estimates of) IR in muscle, liver, and adipocytes, as well as with glucose tolerance, including incident T2DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSFasting C3, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin (the latter two during oral glucose tolerance tests) were measured at baseline (n = 545) and after 7 years of follow-up (n = 394) in a prospective cohort study. CONCLUSIONSChanges in C3 were associated with changes in several measures of IR and may reflect progression of metabolic dysregulation, which eventually leads to abnormalities in glucose tolerance and T2DM.

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“…Our group and others were able to demonstrate that the complement component 3 (C3) is one of the major determinants of the MetS [99,100,101] and postprandial lipemia in insulin resistant subjects, but also in insulin sensitive subjects [87,102,103]. C3 has also been genetically linked to the MetS in a recent meta-analysis of multiple genome wide association studies [104].…”

Section: Interplay Between Ffa Metabolism and Inflammation In Obesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia in Obesity: Mechanisms and Potential Targets

2013

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Obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. In every single country in the world, the incidence of obesity is rising continuously and therefore, the associated morbidity, mortality and both medical and economical costs are expected to increase as well. The majority of these complications are related to co-morbid conditions that include coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, respiratory disorders and dyslipidemia. Obesity increases cardiovascular risk through risk factors such as increased fasting plasma triglycerides, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood glucose and insulin levels and high blood pressure. Novel lipid dependent, metabolic risk factors associated to obesity are the presence of the small dense LDL phenotype, postprandial hyperlipidemia with accumulation of atherogenic remnants and hepatic overproduction of apoB containing lipoproteins. All these lipid abnormalities are typical features of the metabolic syndrome and may be associated to a pro-inflammatory gradient which in part may originate in the adipose tissue itself and directly affect the endothelium. An important link between obesity, the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, seems to be the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues leading to an enhanced hepatic flux of fatty acids from dietary sources, intravascular lipolysis and from adipose tissue resistant to the antilipolytic effects of insulin. The current review will focus on these aspects of lipid metabolism in obesity and potential interventions to treat the obesity related dyslipidemia.

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Effect of weight loss on C3 and C4 components of complement in obese patients

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

Underweight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Function Deterioration in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Underweight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Function Deterioration in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Complement Factor 3 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Over a 7-Year Follow-up Period: The CODAM Study

Dyslipidemia in Obesity: Mechanisms and Potential Targets

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