Dyslipidemia in Obesity: Mechanisms and Potential Targets

Abstract

Obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. In every single country in the world, the incidence of obesity is rising continuously and therefore, the associated morbidity, mortality and both medical and economical costs are expected to increase as well. The majority of these complications are related to co-morbid conditions that include coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, respiratory disorders and dyslipidemia. Obesity increases cardiovascular risk through risk factors such as increased fasting plasma triglycerides, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, elevated blood glucose and insulin levels and high blood pressure. Novel lipid dependent, metabolic risk factors associated to obesity are the presence of the small dense LDL phenotype, postprandial hyperlipidemia with accumulation of atherogenic remnants and hepatic overproduction of apoB containing lipoproteins. All these lipid abnormalities are typical features of the metabolic syndrome and may be associated to a pro-inflammatory gradient which in part may originate in the adipose tissue itself and directly affect the endothelium. An important link between obesity, the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, seems to be the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues leading to an enhanced hepatic flux of fatty acids from dietary sources, intravascular lipolysis and from adipose tissue resistant to the antilipolytic effects of insulin. The current review will focus on these aspects of lipid metabolism in obesity and potential interventions to treat the obesity related dyslipidemia.

Health-related quality of life and metabolic risk in patients with psychosis

“…A reason for high LDL-cholesterol levels in these patients might be that an unhealthy lifestyle with a possible high intake of saturated fat and carbohydrates is common (Dipasquale et al, 2013), and that physical activity levels are low. There is also a positive association between levels of LDL-cholesterol and obesity (Klop et al, 2013). A large proportion of our patients had high BMI.…”

Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profile Of Obese And Non-Obese Students (Male) Of Aljouf University

“…Although the exact biochemical mechanisms responsible for the association between obesity and the above diseases have not been completely elucidated, it is known that increase in triglyceride stores is associated with a linear increase in the production of cholesterol which in turn is associated with increased cholesterol secretion in bile and an increased risk of gallstone formation and the development of gall bladder diseases [8,9]. Similarly, increased levels of circulating triacylglycerol in obesity are associated with decreased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein, which may account for the increased risks for cardiovascular disease and heart attack in obese patients [10,11].…”

Examination of myeloperoxidase activity, as an indicator of inflammation in obese participants with metabolic syndrome

“…Mnoge studije pokazuju da je kod gojaznih osoba prisutna dislipidemija ispoljena većom koncentracijom triacilglicerola i LDL-holesterola, kao i smanjenom količi-nom HDL-holesterola [19,20]. Povišene koncentracije triacilglicerola, ukupnog i LDL-holesterola u našem istraživanju izmerene su kod gojaznih i ispitanika sa metaboličkim sindromom u poređenju sa normalno uhranjenim ispitanicima (p<0.001) (Tabela 2).…”