Effect of weight loss, exercise, or both on cognition and quality of life in obese older adults

Abstract

Weight loss and exercise each improve cognition and HRQOL, but their combination may provide benefits similar to exercise alone. These findings could inform practice guidelines with regard to optimal treatment strategies for obese older adults. This trial was registered atclinicaltrials.govas NCT00146107.

Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…After excluding 1,209 papers on the grounds of a review of their titles and abstracts, 41 full-text articles were examined, and 20 studies were ultimately included in our meta-analysis (Figure 1) Boraxbekk et al, 2015;Brinkworth et al, 2009;Bryan and Tiggemann, 2001;Buffenstein et al, 2000;Cheatham et al, 2009;Green and Elliman, 2012;Guldstrand et al, 2003;Halyburton et al, 2007;Kretsch et al, 1997;Marques et al, 2014;Martin et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2013;Napoli et al, 2014;Prehn et al, 2016;Siervo et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2010;Spitznagel et al, 2014;Wing et al, 1995;Witte et al, 2009). …”

“…Regarding quality, using the Jadad's scale for this evaluation, one study reported 3 points over 3 available, one only one point and the others 2 points. Taking the controls as reference, four studies (Bryan and Tiggemann, 2001;Green and Elliman, 2012;Prehn et al, 2016;Napoli et al, 2014) reported a significant improvement in attention parameters in the treated group (222 treated vs. 104 controls; SMD=0.44; 95%CI: 0.26-0.62, p<0.0001; I 2 =60%) ( Table 2). However, only physical activity alone, and diet and physical activity together, were able to improve these outcomes in one study (Napoli et al, 2014).…”

“…Finally, treated participants experienced a significant improvement in language parameters (4 studies (Bryan and Tiggemann, 2001;Prehn et al, 2016;Napoli et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2010) (222 treated individuals vs. 104 controls; SMD=0.21; 95%CI: 0.05-0.37, p=0.009; I 2 =73%), particularly in one study using physical activity and a mixed intervention (Napoli et al, 2014). Language domains analysis suffered of publication bias as well, but the trim and fill procedure did not change our results (SMD=0.32; 95%CI: 0.03-0.61).…”

“…The 13 longitudinal studies Boraxbekk et al, 2015;Brinkworth et al, 2009;Buffenstein et al, 2000;Cheatham et al, 2009;Guldstrand et al, 2003;Halyburton et al, 2007;Kretsch et al, 1997;Marques et al, 2014;Miller et al, 2013;Siervo et al, 2012;Spitznagel et al, 2014;Wing et al, 1995) included 551 participants, while the 7 RCTs (Bryan and Tiggemann, 2001;Green and Elliman, 2012;Martin et al, 2009;Napoli et al, 2014;Prehn et al, 2016;Smith et al, 2010;Witte et al, 2009) encompassed 468 individuals (328 in the treated groups and 140 controls), representing a total of 1,019 participants with obesity or being overweight at baseline. The mean age was 50.0 (standard deviation, SD=10.7) years, and the included participants were predominantly women (=78.3%).…”

“…As shown in Supplementary Table 2, the seven RCTs (Bryan and Tiggemann, 2001;Green and Elliman, 2012;Martin et al, 2009;Napoli et al, 2014;Prehn et al, 2016;Smith et al, 2010;Witte et al, 2009) included 328 participants randomized to treated groups (262 in a dietary intervention group, 26 treated with physical activity, and 40 with both interventions).…”