Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Veronese, Nicola; Facchini, Silvia; Stubbs, Brendon; Luchini, Claudio; Solmi, Marco; Manzato, Enzo; Sergi, Giuseppe; Maggi, Stefania; Cosco, Theodore D.; Fontana, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.017

Cited by 183 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Neither the weight loss intervention nor metformin significantly improved cognitive functioning over the 6‐month period. The lack of intervention effects, particularly for the weight loss intervention, is inconsistent with a recent meta‐analysis of seven RCTs in noncancer survivors . The meta‐analysis showed benefits of intentional weight loss across multiple cognitive domains; however, most of the studies had small sample sizes (total seven studies N = 468), enrolled healthy participants, and had a lower mean age (54 years old) than the current study, and five out of the seven studies had a shorter intervention duration.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Participants were generally healthy adults with one study targeting men and women with high blood pressure, and the interventions varied greatly and included both dietary only and exercise plus diet interventions. The authors of this study concluded that weight loss may have a beneficial effect on several cognitive domains, including attention, memory, executive function, and language . In contrast to this meta‐analysis, the Look AHEAD trial, with 3802 overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes, which evaluated a 10‐year weight loss intervention, did not reduce the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effects of weight loss and metformin on cognition among breast cancer survivors: Evidence from the Reach for Health study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Breast cancer survivors experience problems with cognition that interfere with daily life and can last for years. In the general population, obesity and diabetes are risk factors for cognitive decline, and weight loss can improve cognition; however, the impact of intentional weight loss on cancer survivors' cognition has not been tested. We investigated the impact of weight loss and metformin on changes in cognitive function in a sample of breast cancer survivors. Methods Overweight/obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 333) were randomized to a weight loss intervention versus control and metformin versus placebo in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Outcomes were changes in five cognitive domains from baseline to 6 months measured by objective neurocognitive tests. Results There were no statistically significant intervention effects for the metformin or weight loss interventions in five neurocognitive domains. Baseline body mass index (BMI) was a significant effect modifier of the changes in verbal functioning for the weight loss (P = 0.009) and metformin interventions (P = 0.0125). These effect modifications were independent of percent weight loss achieved during the 6‐month study period. Conclusions This randomized controlled trial of weight loss and metformin interventions that examined changes to cognition among breast cancer survivors suggests that these interventions may not improve cognitive functioning among breast cancer survivors in general. However, weight loss may improve verbal functioning among individuals with a higher BMI.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

The effects of weight loss and metformin on cognition among breast cancer survivors: Evidence from the Reach for Health study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Beneficial effects of weight loss extend to the CNS, as patients who lost weight following both dietary and surgical weight loss interventions showed improvements in cognition (114). As a link between obesity and cognitive decline has recently been established (115–117), some studies have focused on the effects of obesity on the peripheral transport of metabolic hormones into the brain.…”

Section: Obesity Reversal As a Therapeutic Strategy To Improve Bbb Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Brain Barriers in Obesity

Rhea

Salameh

Logsdon

et al. 2017

AAPS J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

After decades of rapid increase, the rate of obesity in adults in the USA is beginning to slow and the rate of childhood obesity is stabilizing. Despite these improvements, the obesity epidemic continues to be a major health and financial burden. Obesity is associated with serious negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and, more recently, cognitive decline and various neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease. In the past decade, major advancements have contributed to the understanding of the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in the development of obesity and how peripheral hormonal signals modulate CNS regulation of energy homeostasis. In this article, we address how obesity affects the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the impact of obesity on Alzheimer’s disease, the effects of obesity on circulating proteins and their transport into the brain, and how these changes can potentially be reversed by weight loss.

show abstract

“…As stated above, significant evidence shows that neurocognitive deficits are related to OW/OB. However, a recent meta-analysis demonstrated improvements in neurocognitive function following weight loss among adults (70). Further, baseline executive function levels may moderate treatment response.…”

Section: Treatments Targeting Neurocognitive or Executive Function Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Treatments for Eating Disorders and Obesity

Eichen

Matheson

Appleton-Knapp

et al. 2017

Curr Psychiatry Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review Recent research has highlighted executive function and neurocognitive deficits among individuals with eating and weight disorders, identifying a potential target for treatment. Treatments targeting executive function for eating and weight disorders are emerging. This review aims to summarize the recent literature evaluating neurocognitive/executive function-oriented treatments for eating and weight disorders and highlights additional work needed in this area. Recent Findings Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for anorexia nervosa has been the most extensively studied neurocognitive treatment for eating disorders. Results demonstrate that CRT improves executive function and may aid in the reduction of eating disorder symptomatology. Computer training programs targeting modifying attention and increasing inhibition are targeting reduction of binge eating and weight loss with modest success. Summary Neurocognitive treatments are emerging and show initial promise for eating and weight disorders. Further research is necessary to determine whether these treatments can be used as stand-alone treatments or whether they need to be used as an adjunct to or in conjunction with other evidence-based treatments to improve outcomes.

show abstract

Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 183 publications

References 48 publications

The effects of weight loss and metformin on cognition among breast cancer survivors: Evidence from the Reach for Health study

The effects of weight loss and metformin on cognition among breast cancer survivors: Evidence from the Reach for Health study

Blood-Brain Barriers in Obesity

Neurocognitive Treatments for Eating Disorders and Obesity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About