Effect of weight loss and regional fat distribution on plasma leptin concentration in obese women

Rissanen, P; Mäkimattila, Sari; Vehmas, Tapio; Taavitsainen, M.; Rissanen, Aila

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800896

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…However, our findings are in agreement with previous findings from studies on 150 to 200 subjects (37,38). In contrast, a relationship between leptin and body fat distribution has been described in a number of studies (28,39,40). These conflicting findings might be due to differences in methods used to assess fat distribution as well as to differences in subject characteristics and intersubject variation in body composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

et al. 2001

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Objective: To examine the relationship between fasting plasma leptin and 24-hour energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation, and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) in obese subjects before and after a major weight reduction compared with normal weight controls. To test fasting plasma leptin, substrate oxidations, and SPA as predictive markers of success during a standardized weight loss intervention. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty-one nondiabetic obese (body mass index: 33.9 to 43.8 kg/m 2 ) and 13 lean (body mass index: 20.4 to 24.7 kg/m 2 ) men matched for age and height were included in the study. All obese subjects were reexamined after a mean weight loss of 19.2 kg (95% confidence interval: 15.1-23.4 kg) achieved by 16 weeks of dietary intervention followed by 8 weeks of weight stability. Twenty-four-hour EE and substrate oxidations were measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry. SPA was assessed by microwave radar. Results: In lean subjects, leptin adjusted for fat mass (FM) was correlated to 24-hour EE before (r ϭ Ϫ0.56, p Ͻ 0.05) but not after adjustment for fat free mass. In obese subjects, leptin correlated inversely with 24-hour and resting nonprotein respiratory quotient (r ϭ Ϫ0.47, p Ͻ 0.05 and r ϭ Ϫ0.50, p Ͻ 0.05) both before and after adjustments for energy balance. Baseline plasma leptin concentration, adjusted for differences in FM, was inversely related to the size of weight loss after 8 weeks (r ϭ Ϫ0.41, p ϭ 0.07), 16 weeks (r ϭ Ϫ0.51, p Ͻ 0.05), and 24 weeks (r ϭ Ϫ0.50, p Ͻ 0.05). Discussion: The present study suggests that leptin may have a stimulating effect on fat oxidation in obese subjects. A low leptin level for a given FM was associated with a greater weight loss, suggesting that obese subjects with greater leptin sensitivities are more successful in reducing weight.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

et al. 2001

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“…More recently, Rissanen et al, 29 using the ultrasonographic method by Armellini et al 24 did not ®nd a relationship between the thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat and that of visceral fat in a series of 38 patients with moderate obesity; the relationship became signi®cant after weight loss, although the reasons for this latter ®nding are not easily explained.…”

Section: Leptin and Fat Distribution In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin plasma concentrations are dependent on body fat distribution in obese patients

et al. 2000

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AIM: To evaluate whether fat distribution plays a role in determining serum leptin concentrations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One-hundred and forty-seven obese patients, 77 males and 70 females, aged 45.1 AE 13.2 y (mean AE s.d.; range 21 ± 73 y), with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 30 to 55 kgam 2 (mean 42.3 AE 5.9). Ultrasound assessment of the thickness of subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat was carried out and calculation of their ratio as abdominal fat index (AFI), waist ± hip ratio (WHR), body composition by bioelectrical impedance to evaluate the percentage of fat mass (FM%) and total amount of fat (FMKg) were also determined. Plasma leptin was measured by radio immuno assay (RIA). RESULTS: In the whole group of patients, serum leptin concentrations were 37.2 AE 18.4 ngaml (range 6 ± 101.3 ngaml); in spite of BMI values not being signi®cantly different, women had leptin values signi®cantly higher (47.4 AE 17.4 ngaml) (P`0.01) than males (28.1 AE 15.1 ngaml), also after correction for fat mass. The mean thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat was 33.7 AE 12.9 mm and it was signi®cantly (P`0.001) higher in female (40.9 AE 10.6 mm) than in male (27.1 AE 11.2 mm) patients; preperitoneal thickness was 22.9 AE 7.1 mm, with signi®cantly (P`0.05) higher values in males (24.2 AE 6.8 mm) than in females (21.7 AE 7.3 mm). Accordingly, AFI (in all patients 0.84 AE 0.6) was signi®cantly higher in males (1.09 AE 0.6) than in females (0.56 AE 0.2). In the overall population, leptin concentrations were directly and signi®cantly related to subcutaneous but not preperitoneal fat; they showed a strong inverse relationship with AFI and WHR. When the results were evaluated dividing the patients according to gender, subcutaneous fat thickness showed a stronger association with leptin levels in males than in females, whereas no association was found with preperitoneal fat thickness. Leptin and AFI values were signi®cantly related only in men. WHR values were not correlated with leptin concentrations in either sex. When fat mass was added to the model, subcutaneous fat thickness, AFI and WHR remained independently associated with leptin concentrations. Age and diabetes did not in¯uence these measures. CONCLUSIONS: Fat distribution contributes to the variability in serum leptin in obese patients. In particular, subcutaneous abdominal fat is a determinant of leptin concentration, also independently of the amount of fat mass, whereas the contribution of preperitoneal visceral fat is not signi®cant.

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“…73,74 But could gender differences in body fat distribution be indicative of a differential leptin production between depots? Leptin levels correlate with leg fat mass and hip circumference [75][76][77] and, in obesity, are negatively correlated to waist-to-hip ratio. 66,78,79 In men, interstitial leptin concentrations, as measured by microdialysis, are higher in subcutaneous femoral than abdominal fat.…”

Section: Leptinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

2010

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Body fat distribution is an important metabolic and cardiovascular risk factor, because the proportion of abdominal to gluteofemoral body fat correlates with obesity-associated diseases and mortality. Here, we review the evidence and possible mechanisms that support a specific protective role of gluteofemoral body fat. Population studies show that an increased gluteofemoral fat mass is independently associated with a protective lipid and glucose profile, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular and metabolic risk. Studies of adipose tissue physiology in vitro and in vivo confirm distinct properties of the gluteofemoral fat depot with regards to lipolysis and fatty acid uptake: in day-to-day metabolism it appears to be more passive than the abdominal depot and it exerts its protective properties by long-term fatty acid storage. Further, a beneficial adipokine profile is associated with gluteofemoral fat. Leptin and adiponectin levels are positively associated with gluteofemoral fat while the level of inflammatory cytokines is negatively associated. Finally, loss of gluteofemoral fat, as observed in Cushing's syndrome and lipodystrophy is associated with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk. This underlines gluteofemoral fat's role as a determinant of health by the long-term entrapment of excess fatty acids, thus protecting from the adverse effects associated with ectopic fat deposition.

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Effect of weight loss and regional fat distribution on plasma leptin concentration in obese women

Cited by 38 publications

References 25 publications

Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

Leptin plasma concentrations are dependent on body fat distribution in obese patients

Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health

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