Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

Verdich, Camilla; Toubro, Søren; Buemann, B; Holst, Jens J.; Bülow, Jens; Simonsen, Lene; Søndergaard, Susanne Bonnichsen; Christensen, Niels Juel; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1038/oby.2001.59

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Verdich also showed that leptin was inversely related to weight loss in 28-39-year old men, indicating that an increase in leptin sensitivity was associated with greater weight loss. 30 Moreover, in a prospective analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study of overweight men, weight gain over 4 years was associated with a high leptin level. 53 In conclusion, the weight loss intervention utilized in this study produced significant changes in body weight and in leptin concentrations at the 6-and 18-month follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 These studies demonstrate that leptin is involved in the regulation of body energy balance. 30,41 Recent evidence hints that leptin may be involved in certain disease states. Levels of this hormone are elevated in synovial Leptin, weight loss, and exercise GD Miller et al fluid in patients with OA compared to normal controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nearly 25% drop in leptin observed at 6 months was considerably less than the 50% decrease reported by others, although this may be related to the greater weight loss observed in those studies. 30,[45][46][47] For example, a very low calorie diet (800 kcals day À1 ) over a 10-week period produced a 13.6% decrease in body weight with a 50% drop in serum leptin levels. 48 These participants were nearly 20 years younger and much heavier than those in the current study with an average BMI of 50 kg m À2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, other studies in obese children and young men and women show that low plasma leptin levels are predictive of weight loss, suggesting a greater sensitivity to circulating serum leptin. [29][30][31][32] Identifying biological predictors of weight loss may aid in devising interventions that directly affect biomarkers and provide success in weight management for OA patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis?

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of weight loss and exercise interventions on serum leptin and to investigate the relationship of physical function and osteoarthritis (OA) severity with serum leptin in older overweight and obese adults with knee OA. In addition, the study examined if serum leptin predicts weight loss. DESIGN: Longitudinal, controlled clinical trial of weight loss and exercise interventions. SUBJECTS: Community dwelling, older, overweight and obese adults (n ¼ 316; 460 years of age; body mass index Z28.0 kg m À2 ) with symptomatic knee OA and self-reported difficulty in performing selected physical activities were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized into one of four groups for the 18-month study duration: Healthy Lifestyle Controls, Dietary Weight Loss (Diet), Exercise Training (Exercise), and a combination of Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Training (Diet þ Exercise). The weight loss goal for the two Diet groups was 5% from baseline at 18 months. Participants in the Exercise groups were trained for 3 days week À1 , 60 min day À1 . MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, body mass index, serum leptin, physical function, and OA severity were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months. RESULTS: Diet and Diet þ Exercise groups lost 5.3 and 6.1% of their weight, respectively, at 18 months with the Exercise group losing 2.9%. There was a significant main effect of weight loss on serum leptin with a decrease in serum leptin averaged across the 6-and 18-month time points for the Diet and Diet þ Exercise groups compared to the other two groups (b ¼ 0.245; Po0.01). No main effect for exercise training was observed. Serum leptin was related to self-reported physical function. In all participants, a mixed model analysis demonstrated that lower levels of baseline serum leptin predict larger weight loss (b ¼ À2.779; P ¼ 0.048). CONCLUSION: Decreases in serum leptin may be one mechanism by which weight loss improves physical function and symptoms in OA patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis?

et al. 2004

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“…As fa/fa rats lack the leptin receptor and leptin stimulates skeletal muscle fat oxidation (26,27), the reduced fat oxidative capacity at early age in fa/fa rats might be due to the ablation of the leptin receptor. This makes this model suitable to investigate the consequence of reduced fat oxidation on the development of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Articles Integrative Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations in Mitochondrial Function Parallel, but Fail to Rescue, the Transition to Severe Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia: A Study in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Lenaers

Feyter

Hoeks

et al. 2010

Obesity

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Cross‐sectional human studies have associated mitochondrial dysfunction to type 2 diabetes. We chose Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats as a model of progressive insulin resistance to examine whether intrinsic mitochondrial defects are required for development of type 2 diabetes. Muscle mitochondrial function was examined in 6‐, 12‐, and 19‐week‐old ZDF (fa/fa) and fa/+ control rats (n = 8–10 per group) using respirometry with pyruvate, glutamate, and palmitoyl‐CoA as substrates. Six‐week‐old normoglycemic–hyperinsulinemic fa/fa rats had reduced mitochondrial fat oxidative capacity. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‐driven state 3 and carbonyl cyanide p‐trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)‐stimulated state uncoupled (state u) respiration on palmitoyl‐CoA were lower compared to controls (62.3 ± 9.5 vs. 119.1 ± 13.8 and 87.8 ± 13.3 vs. 141.9 ± 14.3 nmol O2/mg/min.). Pyruvate oxidation in 6‐week‐old fa/fa rats was similar to controls. Remarkably, reduced fat oxidative capacity in 6‐week‐old fa/fa rats was compensated for by an adaptive increase in intrinsic mitochondrial function at week 12, which could not be maintained toward week 19 (140.9 ± 11.2 and 57.7 ± 9.8 nmol O2/mg/min, weeks 12 and 19, respectively), whereas hyperglycemia had developed (13.5 ± 0.6 and 16.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l, weeks 12 and 19, respectively). This mitochondrial adaptation failed to rescue the progressive development of insulin resistance in fa/fa rats. The transition of prediabetes state toward advanced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia was accompanied by a blunted increase in uncoupling protein‐3 (UCP3). Thus, in ZDF rats insulin resistance develops progressively in the absence of mitochondrial dysfunction. In fact, improved mitochondrial capacity in hyperinsulinemic hyperglycemic rats does not rescue the progression toward advanced stages of insulin resistance.

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Partitioning the variance in calorie restriction‐induced weight and fat loss in outbred mice

Vaanholt

Lane

Garner

et al. 2016

Obesity

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Objective: An increased understanding of the factors influencing interindividual variation in calorie restriction (CR)-induced weight loss is necessary to combat the current obesity epidemic. This study investigated the partitioning of the phenotypic variation in CR-induced wight loss. Methods: Two generations of male and female outbred MF1 mice raised by their biological mother or a foster mother were studied. Mice were exposed to 4 weeks of 30% CR when 6 months old. Results: Heritability was estimated at 0.43 6 0.12 for CR-induced changes in body mass and 0.24 6 0.10 for fat mass using mid-parent-offspring regressions. No significant relationships between weight loss in fathers or foster mothers and offspring were observed. Partitioning of phenotypic variance in weight loss using maximum likelihood modeling indicated 19 6 17% of the variation could be attributed to additive genetic effects, 8 6 14% to maternal effects during pregnancy, and <1% to maternal effects during lactation. A narrow-sense heritability around 0.50 was observed for ad libitum food intake and general activity. Conclusions: A large part of individual variation in CR-induced weight loss could be attributed to additive genetic and maternal effects during pregnancy, but not to maternal effects in lactation. Genetic differences in food intake and general activity may play a role in determining these effects.

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Leptin Levels Are Associated with Fat Oxidation and Dietary‐Induced Weight Loss in Obesity

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis?

Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis?

Adaptations in Mitochondrial Function Parallel, but Fail to Rescue, the Transition to Severe Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia: A Study in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

Partitioning the variance in calorie restriction‐induced weight and fat loss in outbred mice

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