Effect of Water Leaching on Photodegraded Scots Pine and Spruce Timbers Monitored by FTIR Spectroscopy

Preklet, Edina; Tolvaj, László; Visi-Rajczi, Eszter; Hofmann, Thilo

doi:10.3390/f12070833

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Similar results had been obtained by [38], who found a decrease in the peak at 1510 cm −1 to 60% of the original absorbance value when the spruce wood was irradiated with UV light. In addition to the decrease in the peak at 1508 cm −1 , reduced absorbance was also observed around 1470 cm −1 (aromatic deformation of the C-H) and at 1264 cm −1 (guaiacyl ring breathing), which agrees with the results obtained with UV irradiation and the water leaching of Scots pine and spruce wood [39][40][41]. Several authors found a strong decrease in the absorbance of lignin in wood during the photodegradation process associated with the formation of carbonyl groups [38,41,42].…”

Section: Ftir Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 89%

Discoloration and Surface Changes in Spruce Wood after Accelerated Aging

Kúdela,

Ihracký,

Kačík

2024

Polymers

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Spruce wood is widely used in outdoor applications, but its susceptibility to degradation under exposure to sunlight and moisture is a major concern. This study investigates the impact of accelerated aging on spruce wood’s surface chemistry, microstructure, geometry, and discoloration. The study was performed in two outdoor aging modes: dry and wet. The accelerated aging effects were evident in the changes in spruce wood structure, as well as in the other studied properties. During aging, it developed significant discoloration. Under simulated rainless outdoor conditions (dry mode), spruce wood gradually became dark brown. Under conditions involving rain (wet mode), the discoloration was qualitatively different from the dry mode. FTIR spectroscopy showed that during the accelerated aging of wood, lignin was mainly degraded, especially in the early stages of the process. A linear correlation was found between the changes in lignin and the color changes in the wood. There was an increase in carbonyl groups in the dry mode, which contributed to the color change and was also influenced by changes in extractives. The wet mode caused the leaching out of carbonyl groups. The observed decrease in cellulose crystallinity, together with the degradation of hydrophobic lignin, may result in the increased hydrophilicity of photodegraded wood. For both modes, there were different changes in the wood micro- and macrostructure, reflected in the surface morphology. The roughness increased during the aging process in both modes. The slightest changes in the roughness parameters were identified in the grain direction in the dry mode; the most evident was that the roughness parameters increased perpendicular to the grain in the wet mode. The demonstrated mechanism backing up the aging-related changes to the spruce wood structure and the relations unveiled between these changes and the changes in the spruce wood surface properties can provide an issue point for seeking ways how to mitigate the negative effects of the environmental factors the wood is exposed to.

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Section: Ftir Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 89%

Discoloration and Surface Changes in Spruce Wood after Accelerated Aging

Kúdela,

Ihracký,

Kačík

2024

Polymers

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“…The ageing of materials is an irreversible, in-time occurring complex phenomenon, affecting both wood surfaces and the coating materials. The main ageing factors include temperature, light/UV radiation, humidity, and oxygen exposure, which can lead to different chemical degradation processes, such as photolysis (photodegradation), thermolysis (thermodegradation), and oxidation [40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photodegradation of wood continues to be a subject of wide interest. Many different investigations have demonstrated that wood photodegradation is primarily related to the decomposition of lignin by UV radiation [11,[43][44][45][46][47]. Lignin absorbs much more UV radiation than cellulose and hemicellulose, resulting in colour and surface chemical changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour and Surface Chemistry Changes of Wood Surfaces Coated with Two Types of Waxes after Seven Years Exposure to Natural Light in Indoor Conditions

et al. 2022

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The ageing of materials is an irreversible, in-time occurring complex phenomenon, which affects both wood surfaces and the coating materials. This paper focuses on the light-induced natural ageing of wood-coated surfaces in indoor conditions. Two wood species: European maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and European walnut (Juglans regia) and two types of waxes: bees wax and Chinese wax were employed in the experiments presented in this paper. Uncoated and coated wood samples were exposed to the natural sunlight filtered by window glass in a simulated indoors natural ageing test for a total period of 7 years. Colour measurements in the CIE-Lab system and FTIR-ATR investigation were employed to evaluate the ageing phenomena. The uncoated wooden samples underwent progressive colour changes perceived as darkening for European maple and lightening for European walnut, corresponding to total colour differences values (ΔE) after 7 years of exposure of 12.54 and 11.66, respectively. Coating of wood samples with the two types of waxes differently influenced the total colour changes for the two wood species: reduced colour changes corresponding to ΔE values of 4.79–6.44 were determined for European maple, whilst increased colour changes corresponding to ΔE values of 13.80–20.83 were determined for European walnut. FTIR analysis highlighted different surface chemistry changes for the uncoated and wax-coated wood samples.

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“…[ 23 ] The peaks at ≈1581 and 1764 cm −1 were attributed to the C–O and C═O stretching, respectively. [ 24 ] XPS measurements were also conducted (Figure S5 , Supporting Information). The O1s peaks at 531.52 and 532.73 eV, indicating O–H and C═O, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Film‐Derived Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generator with Negative Carbon Emission

Xu,

Zhao,

Jiao

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Water evaporation–induced electricity generators (WEGs) are regarded as one of the most promising solutions for addressing the increasingly severe environmental pollution and energy crisis. Owing to the potential carbon emission in the preparation process of WEGs, whether WEG represents a clean electricity generation technology is open to question. Here, a brand‐new strategy is proposed for manufacturing negative carbon emission WEG (CWEG). In this strategy, the microalgae film is used as the electricity generation interface of WEG, which achieves a stable open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.25 V and a short‐circuit current (Isc) of 3.3 µA. Since microalgae can capture carbon dioxide during its growing process, CWEG holds great promise to generate electricity without carbon emissions in the full life cycle compared with other WEGs. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first work using microalgae films to fabricate WEG. Therefore, it is believed that this work not only provides a new direction for designing high‐efficiency and eco‐friendly WEG but also offers an innovative approach to the resource utilization of microalgae.

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Effect of Water Leaching on Photodegraded Scots Pine and Spruce Timbers Monitored by FTIR Spectroscopy

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Discoloration and Surface Changes in Spruce Wood after Accelerated Aging

Discoloration and Surface Changes in Spruce Wood after Accelerated Aging

Colour and Surface Chemistry Changes of Wood Surfaces Coated with Two Types of Waxes after Seven Years Exposure to Natural Light in Indoor Conditions

Microalgae Film‐Derived Water Evaporation‐Induced Electricity Generator with Negative Carbon Emission

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