Effect of Water Deficit Imposed during the Early Developmental Phase on  Photosynthesis of Cocoa  (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Theobroma cacao&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.)

Ayegboyin, Kayode Olufemi; Akinrinde, Ezekiel Akinkunmi

doi:10.4236/as.2016.71002

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Drought affects establishment and yield of cocoa (Bae et al, 2008;dos Santos et al, 2016), specially during the juvenile stage (Ayegboyin and Akinrinde, 2016;De Almeida et al, 2016;García and Moreno, 2016). In adult trees, drought affected differently the water relations and photosynthetic responses of cocoa clones (Ávila-Lovera et al 2016;Araque et al, 2012;De Almeida et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in physiological responses of Venezuelan cacao to drought

et al. 2020

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In order to assess the response of cocoa trees to drought, changes in water status, gas exchange, leaf carbon isotopic ratio (δ13C), photochemical activity, and leaf N and chlorophyll content during the rainy and dry season were measured in 31 Venezuelan cocoa clones (17 Trinitarios, 6 Criollos, and 8 Modern Criollos) grown in a common garden. Drought caused a 40% decrease in water potential (ψ) in all but the Modern Criollos, and a reduction in net photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) without an increase in instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) in 93% of clones, and an increase in δ13C (long-term WUE) in 74% of clones; these responses suggest differences in tolerance to drought among clones. A positive correlation between A and both gs and leaf N content was found for all genotypes. Leaf N content, chlorophyll content, and photochemical activity were reduced during drought, suggesting that metabolism was also inhibited. The best performance during drought was shown by Modern Criollos with the highest WUE, while five Trinitario clones seemed to be less sensitive to drought, since neither chlorophyll, N, total soluble protein concentration, nor gs changed with drought, indicating that those Trinitario clones, with lower A, have a conservative water use. Modern Criollos showed no reductions in either ψ or gs; A remained unchanged, as did WUE, which was the highest, suggesting that these clones would be more successful in environments with low water availability. Our results indicate large variation in physiological response to drought over a range of parameters, suggesting possible differences in tolerance among clones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in physiological responses of Venezuelan cacao to drought

et al. 2020

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“…Drought stress decrease leaf cell area and directly decrease leaf area (Ayegboyin & Akinrinde, 2016). The highest leaf area was found in normal condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This results showed decreasing of character values in drought stress condition except root length and root/shoot ratio ( Table 1, Table 2). Drought stress in cocoa plant affected slower of growth than normal plant (Ayegboyin & Akinrinde, 2016;Santos et al, 2016;Alban et al, 2016). Plants need enough water for metabolism activity (Sobir et al, 2018), especially in seedling phase (Maynard & Orcott, 1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies in drought stress have been carried out, especially on cocoa crops. Drought stress research in cocoa plants is carried out in the seedling phase referred to Alban et al (2015), Santos et al (2016), Alban et al (2016), Ayegboyin & Akinrinde (2016), Setyawan et al (2018), and Zakariyya & Indradewa (2018). Seedling phase is a critical PELITA PERKEBUNAN, Volume 35, Number 3, December 2019 Edition phase of plants in drought stress conditions (Azzeme et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cocoa plants in drought stress will have a shorter shape and smaller stem diameter than normal plants (Ayegboyin & Akinrinde, 2016). Drought stress conditions not only affected by reducing leaf size, but also reducing the number of leaves per plant (Santos et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seedling Performance of Cocoa Genotypes (Theobroma cacao L.) in Drought Stress Condition.

Susilo

Sobir²,

Wuriandani³

et al. 2019

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Drought stress can affect changes in physiological, morphological, biochemical,and molecular of plant. Plant in drought stress showed slower growthand development than in normal condition. This research aimed to determine the response of cocoa genotypes in seedling phase to drought stress in morphological and stomata character. This research conducted with split-plot design with main plot were water regimes (25% and 100% available water content). Eleven genotypes were used in this research consisted of six genotypes crosses and five genotypes parents. Variables observed were stem diameter, root volume, root length, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, and stomatal conductance. Drought stress decreased values associated with all observed morphological characters and stomata characters. Root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance can be used to determine genotype with tolerance to drought. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 showed heighest in root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 can be used as candidate of plant material tolerant to drought.

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The effect of short-term vs. long-term soil moisture stress on the physiological response of three cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivars

et al. 2020

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Understanding water stress signaling mechanisms and screening for tolerant cocoa cultivars are major challenges when facing prolonged dry and rainy seasons in cocoa-producing areas. While abscisic acid (ABA) and proline are supposed to enhance drought tolerance in cocoa, the role of polyamines remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical response and phenological adaptation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) on different soil moisture conditions, with a focus on short-term (20 days) and long-term (89 days) stress conditions, and to compare the performance of three cocoa cultivars. In a split plot design with four blocks, cocoa seedlings of an international high-yielding cultivar (TSH-565) and two locally selected cultivars (IIa-22 and III-06) from the drought-exposed Alto Beni region, Bolivia, were arranged in pots under a roof shelter (cultivar: three levels). The seedlings were exposed to strong (VERY DRY) and moderate (DRY) soil moisture deficits, water logging (WET) and regular irrigation (MOIST) that served as a control (moisture: four levels). We examined the growth performance and the levels of ABA, proline, and polyamines in the leaves. Growth was reduced already at a moderate drought, while severe drought enhanced seedling mortality. Severe drought increased the levels of ABA by 453% and of proline by 935%, inducing a short-term stress response; both compounds were degraded over the long-term period. The polyamine concentration was unrelated to soil moisture. The cocoa cultivars did not differ in their biochemical response to soil moisture stress (proline: p-value = 0.5, ABA: p-value = 0.3), but the local cultivar III-06 showed a stronger height growth increment than the international cultivar TSH-565 (237%, p-value = 0.002) under drought conditions.

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Effect of Water Deficit Imposed during the Early Developmental Phase on Photosynthesis of Cocoa (<i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.)

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Variability in physiological responses of Venezuelan cacao to drought

Variability in physiological responses of Venezuelan cacao to drought

Seedling Performance of Cocoa Genotypes (Theobroma cacao L.) in Drought Stress Condition.

The effect of short-term vs. long-term soil moisture stress on the physiological response of three cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivars

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