Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation on Incidence of Clinical Mastitis and Duration of Clinical Symptoms

Smith, Kenneth L.; Harrison, J.A.; Hancock, Dale D.; Todhunter, D.A.; Conrad, H.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(84)81436-8

Cited by 247 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There are two ways of supplementing dairy cows with vitamin E: (a) daily dietary supplementation of 1000 to 3000 IU/cow per day and (b) parenteral injections (normally one or two injections of 3000 to 5000 IU during the last 2 weeks before the expected day of calving). Smith et al (1984) investigated the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on the incidence of clinical mastitis and duration of clinical symptoms. A total of 80 cows were assigned to one of four groups: vitamin E-supplemented group (750 IU/day per cow), selenium-injected group (0.1 mg/kg of BW), vitamin E-supplemented plus seleniuminjected group and control.…”

Section: Vitamin E and Its Effects On Animal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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Although vitamin E has been known as an essential nutrient for almost 80 years, we are far from a complete understanding of all the aspects related to bioavailability and its effects on health and milk quality in dairy cows. Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for two families of lipid-soluble compounds, the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, of which a-tocopherol has the highest biological activity. Commercially available a-tocopherol supplements for dairy cows contain either the natural RRR form or the synthetic (all-rac) form, which contains all the eight possible stereoisomers (four possessing the 2R and four possessing the 2S configuration) in equimolar amounts. Recent data clearly suggest that an almost complete discrimination against the 2S isomers occurs in dairy cows. Thus, 1 g of the all-rac form is essentially equivalent to 0.5 g of the RRR form. With respect to the effect of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows on health and milk quality, the majority of published studies suggests that vitamin E supplementation at the level 1000 to 4000 IU/cow per day during the dry period reduces both the frequency of intramammary infection and that of clinical mastitis and improves milk quality, as shown by a reduction in the levels of somatic cell count (SCC)/ml in milk, decreased plasmin activity and increased oxidative stability of milk. However, a recent study from the Netherlands suggested that vitamin E supplementation at the 3000 IU/cow per day level during the dry period when combined with high levels of plasma vitamin E at dry-off (.14.5 mmol/l) increases the incidence of mastitis. Data from previously unpublished survey studies and those from published vitamin E feeding trials, in which high levels of blood vitamin E were observed, were reanalyzed. All farms selected for the analysis implemented oral administration of vitamin E at the 3000 IU/cow per day level throughout or during the late dry period (4 weeks before the expected day of parturition). Dairy cows were divided into three groups, depending on blood a-tocopherol levels at dry-off: high (.6.25 mg/ml), medium (between 6.25 and 4.25 mg/ml) and low (,4.25 mg/ml). Data indicate that there were no differences in the incidence of mastitis and in the level of SCC/ml of milk between the three groups. Thus, supplementation of 3000 IU vitamin E/cow per day in the late dry period remains recommended because it is generally associated with decreased risk of mastitis. Conditional or opposite effects have not been repeated and require further research before changing recommendations for vitamin E supplementation.

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Section: Vitamin E and Its Effects On Animal Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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“…Thus, a relatively narrow range of selenium concentrations must be maintained for optimal function of the immune system. 2,3,7,12,13,16,21,25,27,29,30,32 This study and results of a field investigation failed to clarify the association between subclinical selenium toxicosis and abortion/perinatal mortality. However, data from a limited number of animals suggest that current values indicative of perinatal selenium toxicosis (Ն3 ppm) may underestimate the resistance of animals to chronic selenium toxicosis and that marked elevations in hepatic selenium concentration (Ͼ9 ppm) may be clinically relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Subclinical Selenium Toxicosis on Pregnant Beef Cattle

et al. 1998

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Abstract. A field investigation conducted by the South Dakota Animal Disease Research and DiagnosticLaboratory suggested that subclinical selenium toxicosis in pregnant cows may have contributed to an outbreak of aborted/stillborn calves in a high-selenium region of South Dakota. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between abortion and subclinical selenium toxicosis in the dam and to assess the effects of subclinical selenium toxicosis on the bovine immune system. Fifteen pregnant cows were fed diets containing 0.25 (control), 6.0, and 12.0 ppm selenium beginning at 80-110 days gestation. Although selenium toxicosis has been reported to cause abortion, this study failed to reproduce abortions. A single cow in the 12-ppm selenium treatment group gave birth to a weak calf, which subsequently died. This calf had myocardial lesions consistent with those described for selenium toxicosis and had hepatic selenium levels of 9.68 ppm (wet weight). Elevated dietary selenium resulted in the depression of several leukocyte function parameters in pregnant cows. A statistically significant depression in forced antibody response was identified in both selenium-supplemented groups. A significantly diminished mitogenic response to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen was also observed in the 12-ppm selenium group. Although a similar pattern of depression was also observed with phytohemagglutinin, differences were not significant. These findings indicate that even in the absence of clinical alkali disease, elevated selenium levels may adversely affect both pregnancy outcome and the bovine immune system.

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“…Deficiências minerais podem aumentar a susceptibilidade a infecções e em especial à mastite (Müller 2002). A deficiência dietética de Selênio aumenta a susceptibilidade da glândula mamaria a infecções intramamárias (Smith et al 1984).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Prevalência e etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará

et al. 2011

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RESUMO.-O objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a prevalência e a etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira do município de Rondon do Pará, bem como avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade e resistência dos agentes isolados frente aos antimicrobianos. The prevalence and the etiology of bovine mastitis in the dairy region of the county of Rondon of Pará were investigated. The sensibility and the resistance of the isolated agents to the antimicrobiotics was evaluetad; 237 mixed-bred milk cows were used on nine properties, which were hand milked once a day and kept on Brachiaria brizantha pasture, with supply of mineral salt and water ad libitum. Clinical examination of the mammary gland, the test of the sieve and California Mastitis Test were performed. Of the 935 examined mammary quarters, 6.6% had subclínical mastitis, 1.3% clinical mastitis, and 92.1% were negative. The isolated bacteria in the clinical mastitis were coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (25%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (8,3%), and Corynebacterium spp. (8.3%). In the subclínical mastitis coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (32.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.7%), Staphylococcus intermedius (1.6%), Streptococcus spp. (4.8%), Corynebacterium spp. (4.8%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp./S.aureus (1.6%) were isolated. There was no microbial growth in 41.7% of the samples with clinical mastitis and in 37.1% with subclínical mastitis. In the antibiogram, 100% of the isolated negative coagulase Staphylococcus spp., S. aureus, S. intermedius, and Streptococcus spp. were sensitive to sulfazotrim. On the other hand, Corynebacterium spp. were 100% resistant to this same antimicrobiotic. Cefalotina, cefoxitina and gentamicina were efficient against the isolated Staphylococcus spp. which represent the greater part of the mastitis agents in this study. Mastitis was diagnosed in all flocks studied, however the number of affected animals was considered low; this probably is due to low milk production of the cows and to permanence of the calf with the mother after milking, what favors emptying the mammary gland. But hygienic sanitary measures and management practices have to be improved.

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Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation on Incidence of Clinical Mastitis and Duration of Clinical Symptoms

Cited by 247 publications

References 15 publications

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

The Effect of Subclinical Selenium Toxicosis on Pregnant Beef Cattle

Prevalência e etiologia da mastite bovina na bacia leiteira de Rondon do Pará, estado do Pará

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