Effect of vitamin D supplementation on oral glucose tolerance in individuals with low vitamin D status and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (<scp>EVIDENCE</scp>): A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Moreira-Lucas, Tracy S; Duncan, Alison; Rabasa‐Lhoret, Rémi; Vieth, Reinhold; Gibbs, Alison L.; Badawi, Alaa; Wolever, Thomas M. S.

doi:10.1111/dom.12794

Cited by 68 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…They also demonstrated that administration of 1,25(OH) 2 D into the brain dramatically decreased the food intake and body weight in obese rodents. Although a clear cause and effect for vitamin D in glucose and insulin metabolism and body weight has been established, it is surprising that studies on vitamin D supplementation and CVD have yielded inconsistent results [41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults

2020

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A serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] concentration of ≥75 nmol/L is recommended for optimal health. We investigated the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and metabolic syndrome (MetS), diabetes, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in US adults using clinical cut points recommended by health organizations. Data from USA’s National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used. Prevalences and likelihood of having MetS and diabetes according to clinical cut points for serum 25(OH)D (<30 nmol/L, 30-<50 nmol/L, 50-<75 nmo/L, and ≥75 nmol/L) were determined with multivariate logistic regression. Relations between serum 25(OH)D and various cardiometabolic biomarkers, CRF, MetS, and diabetes were tested using multivariable adjusted regression. Prevalence of MetS and diabetes were significantly lower in individuals with serum 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L (MetS, 21.6%; diabetes, 4.1%) compared to those with 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L (MetS, 45.5%; diabetes, 11.6%) (p < 0.0001). Individuals with serum 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L had significantly lower waist circumference (p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p = 0.003), glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.0002), fasting triglycerides (p < 0.0001), total homocysteine (p < 0.0001), and insulin resistance (p = 0.0001) and had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and maximal oxygen uptake (marker for CRF) (p< 0.0009) compared to those with 25(OH)D <30 nmol/L. In conclusion, serum 25(OH)D ≥75 nmol/L is associated with positive indicators related to cardiometabolic diseases in US adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults

2020

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“…Although mixed, there is evidence linking elevated serum PTH and lower 25OHD to a variety of negative health outcomes in both men and women [43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52]. Some researchers hypothesize excess PTH secretion to be involved in the development of hypertension, a theory supported by data indicating a positive correlation between blood pressure and serum concentrations of PTH [53,54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several large community based cohort studies, low serum 25OHD levels have not shown to be associated with poor CVD outcomes [45,47]. The relationship of low serum 25OHD levels and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome has been more consistently reported [48,49], although prospective studies do not always suggest improvements in insulin sensitivity with improvements in vitamin D status [50,51]. Whether or not the dosages used in these studies and effective in raising serum 25OHD levels is often debated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

et al. 2017

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Obesity is often associated with vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D supplementation typically leads to the reductions in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, as shown in normal weight individuals. Meanwhile, the dose of vitamin D supplementation for the suppression of PTH may differ in overweight and obese adults. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the dose of vitamin D supplementation required to suppress PTH levels in overweight/obese individuals. We identified 18 studies that examined overweight or obese healthy adults who were supplemented with varying doses of vitamin D3. The primary outcomes examined were changes in PTH and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels from baseline to post-treatment. The results of the meta-analysis showed that there was a significant treatment effect of vitamin D supplementation on PTH, total standardized mean difference (SMD) (random effects) = −0.38 (95% CI = −0.56 to −0.20), t = −4.08, p < 0.001. A significant treatment effect of vitamin D supplementation was also found on 25OHD, total SMD (random effects) = 2.27 (95% CI = 1.48 to 3.06) t = 5.62, p < 0.001. Data from available clinical trials that supplemented adults with D3 ranging from 400 IU to 5714 IU, showed that 1000 IU of vitamin D supplementation best suppressed serum PTH levels, total SMD = −0.58, while vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU showed the greatest increase in serum 25OH levels. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation of 700 IU and 500 mg, respectively, also showed a significant treatment effect on the suppression of PTH with a total SMD = −5.30 (95% CI = −9.72 to −0.88). In conclusion, the meta analysis of available clinical trials indicates that 1000 IU vitamin D supplementation can suppress serum PTH levels, while 4000 IU of vitamin D was associated with the largest increase in serum 25OHD levels in the overweight and obese population.

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“…A number of RCTs suggested that supplementation of vitamin D could improve insulin resistance and FPG (8)(9)(10)(11). However, certain studies obtained contrary results (12) or identified no beneficial effect (13)(14)(15)(16). Dutta et al revealed that vitamin D supplementation could significantly lower the progression of diabetes (17); while reports from others indicated that supplementation with vitamin D had no effect on T2DM prevention (13,18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non‑diabetics: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Zhou

et al. 2018

biom rep

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Increasing epidemiological studies suggest that there is an association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been performed to observe the effect of vitamin D supplementation on preventing T2DM, decreasing fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and improving insulin resistance to confirm the association between vitamin D and T2DM. However, the results of RCTs on controlling FPG level, improving insulin resistance and preventing T2DM in non-diabetics are inconsistent. In the present study, a systematic meta-analysis considering individual variation and intervention strategy was conducted to establish an objective and definitive conclusion. The results suggested that vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on controlling FPG level, improving insulin resistance or preventing T2DM in non-diabetics in a pooled meta-analysis of 23 articles (containing 28 RCTs). However, stratified analysis indicated that supplementation of vitamin D had differential effects on FPG control, insulin sensitivity improvement and T2DM prevention in individuals with different baseline states: FPG was decreased for those with BMI <25 (P=0.048) or 20≤ 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml (P=0.002); insulin resistance was improved for those with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng/ml (P=0.021); and risk of T2DM was lower for pre-diabetic individuals (P=0.047) or for those with 25≤ BMI <30 (P=0.032). Additionally, the effect on T2DM prevention was improved when the supplement dose was >2,000 IU/day (P=0.047) and with intervention without calcium (P=0.047). Thus, further trials should focus on individual baselines and the supplementation strategy of vitamin D in the prevention of T2DM.

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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on oral glucose tolerance in individuals with low vitamin D status and increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (EVIDENCE): A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Abstract: Weekly doses of vitamin D in individuals with suboptimal vitamin D levels who were at risk for type 2 diabetes did not improve oral glucose tolerance or markers of glycaemic status.

Cited by 68 publications

References 38 publications

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults

Serum Vitamin D Concentration ≥75 nmol/L Is Related to Decreased Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes; and Increased Cardiorespiratory Fitness in US Adults

Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in non‑diabetics: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

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